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Monitoring and Review of the Vienna Programme of Action for LLDCs for 20142024 at National level Gladys Mutangadura UN-OHRLLS UN-OHRLLS Monitoring and reporting • Follow-up monitoring mechanism a continuously evolving process to reinforce partnerships and mutual accountability • LLDCs should identify indicators to monitor progress in implementing the VPoA. • Regular National reviews and reporting involving all stakeholders – annual inputs to the global Report of the Secretary General • Regional Reviews and reporting should be informed by the National Reviews – done by the UNECA. • Global Reviews should take into account Regional and Sub Regional Reviews and National inputs. • UN-OHRLLS working on a set of indicators for monitoring the VPoA • In 5 years there will be a mid-term review of the VPoA – all LLDCs will be called upon to submit a mid-term report on the implementation of VPoA UN-OHRLLS VPoA Monitoring and Reporting Global reporting: UNOHRLLS prepares annually the Secretary-General’s report to the General Assembly Objective provide a global assessment of progress towards the implementation of the VPoA Target audience member states National Report prepared by the Country Objective provide an assessment of the progress towards the implementation of the VPoA, raise awareness, advocate; address areas of need Target audience national policy makers, all VPoA stakeholders including development partners, OHRLLS UN-OHRLLS National level Selection of the indicators for Monitoring the VPoA Based on: • VPoA priorities being implemented • Data availability, • Frequency of data collection • Data accuracy/quality of the data • Harmonization and rationalization of the development indicators with data required for the other processes eg. National development plan, SDGs etc. • Collaboration with relevant agencies in data compilation UN-OHRLLS Examples - Selection of indicators Broad VPoA indicators Proposed indicator(s) to monitor progress GDP (constant 2005 US$) GDP growth (annual %) GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $) Proportion of population below $1.25 (PPP) per day Human Development Index Employment-to-population ratio Share of women in wage employment in the non-agric sector Share of LLDCs’ exports in global trade Trade within the region as share of total trade Net ODA received (% of GNI) Inward foreign direct investment flows (current US$) Aid for trade disbursements (constant US$) Proportion of land area covered by forest % Annual change in degraded or desertified arable land (% or ha) UN-OHRLLS Priority 1 – Fundamental transit policy issues Specific Objectives Proposed indicator(s) to monitor progress a. Reduce travel time along corridors with the aim of allowing transit cargo to move 300-400 kilometres per 24 hours Road Corridor Speed with delays (km/hr) Road Corridor Speed without delays (km/hr) c. Significantly reduce the time spent at land borders Implementation of single-stop inspections (Qual) Implementation of common administrative documents for customs clearance (Qual) No. of ratifications, accessions, signatories to transport agreements Logistics performance index (World Bank) Access to all-weather road (% access within [x] km distance to road) b. Significantly improve intermodal Cargo dwell time for transit cargo in transit connectivity with the aim of countries ensuring efficient transfers from rail Dwell time at border crossing between LLDCs to road and vice versa and from port and transit countries to rail and/or road and vice versa UN-OHRLLS Priority 2 – Infrastructure development and maintenance Transport Infrastructure a) Significantly increase the quality of roads, including increasing the share of paved roads, by nationally appropriate standards a) Expand and upgrade the railway infrastructure in LLDCs, where applicable a) Complete missing links in the regional road and railway transit transport networks Other relevant transport indicators Roads, total network (Kms) Roads, paved (% of total roads) Road density (km of road per 100 sq. km of land area) Recurrent spending on infrastructure (% of GDP) Rail lines, total route (km) Completion of missing links Air transport, registered carrier departures Km of inland waterways effectively used for navigation Support towards infrastructure development by multilateral and regional development banks (Qual) UN-OHRLLS Priority 2 contd. Energy and information and communications technology infrastructure a. Expand and upgrade, as appropriate, Electricity power consumption (kWh per infrastructure for supply, transmission capita) and distribution of modern and Share of the population using reliable renewable energy services in rural and electricity, by urban/rural urban areas Total electricity production Number of electrical outages in a typical month Share (%) of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (TFEC) Investment in energy with private participation (current us$) b. All LLDCs should make broadband Established policy on broadband policy universal c. Promote open and affordable access to Internet users per 100 people Internet for all Fixed (wired) broadband Internet subscribers (per 100 people) d. LLDCs should actively engage to Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 address the digital divide people (LLDC vs. global) Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 people (LLDC vs. global) UN-OHRLLS Priority 3 International trade and trade facilitation International Trade a) Significantly increase the participation of i) Exports of goods and services (US $) landlocked developing countries in global ii) Imports of goods and services (US $) trade, with a focus on substantially iii) Exports of goods and services (% of increasing exports; GDP) iv) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) v) Total trade (% of GDP) vi) Share of LLDCs’ exports in global trade b) Significantly increase the value added i) Manufacturing, value added (% of and manufactured component, as GDP) appropriate, of the exports of landlocked ii) Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) developing countries, with the objective of iii) Exports of high technological content substantially diversifying their markets and as proportion of total exports products c) Strengthen economic and financial ties i) Participation in regional trade between landlocked developing countries agreements and other countries in the same region so ii) Value of exports whose destination is as to gradually and consistently increase within the region the share of landlocked developing iii) Value of imports whose source is UN-OHRLLS countries in intraregional trade within the region Priority 3. cont’d Trade Facilitation d) Significantly simplify and streamline border crossing procedures with the aim of reducing port and border delays Days to clear direct exports through customs Days to clear imports from customs Documents to import (number) Documents to export (number) Time to import (days) Time to export (days) Implementation of single-stop inspections (Qual) Implementation of common administrative documents for customs clearance (Qual) Ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement Publication of average release time Presence of a trade facilitation bodies/ committees e) Improve transit facilities and their efficiency with the aim of reducing transaction costs Cost of importing a standardised container of cargo (US$) Cost of exporting a standardised container of cargo (US$) UN-OHRLLS Priority 4 – Regional integration and cooperation Actions a) Promote regional integration Participation in regional trade agreements Number of Regional Integration Agreements (RIA) country is party to Value of exports whose destination is within the region Value of imports whose source is within the region Trade within the region as share of total trade b) Promote harmonization of regional policies c) Strengthen participation of LLDCs in bilateral and regional integration frameworks Ratification, accession, definite signatory to regional transport agreements and/ or regulations (Qual) Implementation of single-stop inspections (Qual) Implementation of common administrative documents for customs clearance (Qual) Other procedures implemented to simplify border crossing and freedom of transit (Qual) Participation in regional trade agreements Preferences utilisation by LLDCs on their export to developed and developing countries Participation in regional economic communities (Qual) UN-OHRLLS Priority 5 – Structural economic transformation Specific objectives A) Increase value addition in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors, with the aim of achieving inclusive growth and sustainable development Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added per capita Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) Agriculture productivity Exports of high technological content as proportion of total exports Domestic credit to private sector % of firms identifying access to finance as a major constraint Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) UN-OHRLLS Priority 5 cont’d. b) Increase economic and export diversification Agricultural goods (% of total exports) Manufactured goods (% of total exports) Concentration index Diversification Index UNIDO’s competitive industrial performance index c) Promote service-based growth, including from tourism, with a view to increasing its contribution to the national economy Trade in services (% of GDP) Transport (% of commercial service exports) Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) Additional number of procedures required to start a foreign subsidiary Additional number of days required to start a foreign subsidiary UN-OHRLLS Priority 6 – Means of implementation Actions a) LLDCs and transit countries to Gross domestic investment (% of GDP) mobilize adequate domestic and external resources for the effective Gross domestic savings (% of GDP) implementation of the present Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Programme of Action Government revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) Migrants’ Remittances (US$ & percentage of GDP) b) Development partners Net ODA received (% of GNI) encouraged to provide targeted technical and financial support, as Official development assistance and net private grants as percent of GNI appropriate, towards the implementation of the specific actions listed in the present Share of ODA to productive sectors Programme of Action. Share of ODA towards economic infrastructure Aid for Trade to Botswana (% of total aid) UN-OHRLLS Priority 6 contd c) Private Sector Investment Number of initiatives with private sector collaboration No. of policy measures on investment promotion/ facilitation Inward foreign direct investment flows (current US$) d) Development partners should fulfil existing official development assistance commitments Net ODA received (current and constant US$) Other relevant MOI indicators Initiatives on South-South and Triangular collaboration Initiatives undertaken by international organizations to support Botswana in implementing the VPOA Total external debt stock (% of gross national income) Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and income) UN-OHRLLS Harmonize/link with monitoring of other development processes • Collect the baseline data • Harmonize data collection with other development processes: • National development plan • SDGs • Financing for development • Agenda 2063 UN-OHRLLS In addition • Monitor and review the relevant national actions under each priority area • Prepare national report – annual, mid-term review and comprehensive 10 year review UN-OHRLLS National Reports • A comprehensive assessment of the social, economic and environmental development of each country; • Evaluation of the progress made by the country, including with the support of its development partners, on the achievement of the objectives and actions contained in the key priority areas of the Vienna Programme of Action; • Identification of the gaps, constraints and obstacles in the implementation of the Programme, as well as the countryspecific needs in development; • Innovative strategies and best practices to be emulated and shared with other LLDCs; • Additional policies and measures at national and international levels to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development. UN-OHRLLS Thank You UN-OHRLLS