Download WHAT IN A CIGARETTE?

Tobacco Products
WHAT IN A CIGARETTE?
Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 TOXIC substances,
many of which are known to cause cancer in humans.
IN ADDITION TO THE VERY ADDICTIVE NICOTINE, CIGARETTES CONTAIN:
Arsenic:
Use to be used in rat poison, but was determined to be in human way to kill rats
Acetic Acid:
Hair dye and developer
Acetone:
Main ingredient in paint and nail polish remover
Ammonia:
A typical household cleaner
Benzene:
Rubber cement
Cadmium:
Found in batteries and artists' oil paint
Carbon Monoxide:
Poison admitted from a car
Formaldehyde:
Used to embalm dead bodies
Hydrazine:
Used in jet and rocket fuel
Hydrogen Cyanide:
Poison in gas chambers
Naphthalene:
Used in explosives, mothballs, and paint pigments
Nickel:
Used in the process of electroplating
Phenol:
Used in disinfectants and plastics
Polonium:
Radiation dosage, equal to 300 chest X-rays in one year
Styrene:
Found in insulation material
Toluene:
Embalmers glue
Vinyl Chloride:
Ingredient found in garbage bags
These toxic ingredients don't just harm
the smoker. Nonsmokers exposed to
second-hand smoke have in their body
fluids, significant amounts of nicotine,
carbon monoxide and other evidence of
second-hand smoke exposure
TOBACCO HORRORS
These facts may sound like they're from a science fiction movie, but all of them are 100 percent true!
1 Cigarettes contain 4,000 chemicals, including 200 chemicals that are known poisons.
2. Nicotine is twice as addictive as heroin.
3. Cigarettes are so poisonous that if you ate an entire pack, it could kill you.
4. Cigarette smoke fills the blood with carbon monoxide, the same poisonous fumes
that come out of a car's exhaust pipe.
5. Cigarettes contain 43 ingredients that are known to cause cancer.
6. Each year in the United States, smoking causes over five million years of lost life.
7. Cigarettes contain arsenic, or rat poison.
8. Nicotine is so poisonous that it has been outlawed for use in many bug and weed killers.
9. Second-hand smoke fills the air with many of the same poisonous fumes found in a toxic waste dump.
1 0. Each year in the United States, smoking kills more people than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse; cat crashes, murder,
suicides, and fires...combined.
1 1 The average pack-a-day smoker inhales seven pounds of tar during his or her lifetime.
1 2. Teenagers who smoke produce phlegm more than twice as often as nonsmoking teenagers.
1 3. In a crowded restaurant, second-hand smoke can produce six times more pollution than a busy highway.
Consequences of Tobacco Use
Directions: Complete the following statements using the answers provided in the box. (Match each answer with a question.) On page 2 list
any additional consequences that were discussed in class or that you can think of
1 The addicting drug in tobacco is __________________________________________.
2 Having a habit you can't control is called _______________________________________.
3 When a person has to use more and more tobacco to feel the same effects, this is called _________________________________.
4 If users can't get tobacco, they will feel bad and have ____________________________ symptoms such as headaches or nervousness.
5 A consequence is ______________________________________________.
Answers: a result of something you do ● Addiction ● Nicotine ● Tolerance ● Withdrawal
The following is a list of some of the consequences of smoking and chewing tobacco. Put "S" beside any that are caused by smoking. Put
"C" beside any that are caused by chewing. Put "S 8c C" beside any that are caused by both.
mouth sores ____________________________
death _____________________________
bad breath ______________________________
coughing ___________________________
shortness of breath _______________________
addiction __________________________
smelly hair ______________________________
bleeding gums ______________________
lung cancer _____________________________
leukoplakia _________________________
emphysema ____________________________
oral cancer __________________________
heart disease ____________________________
tongue cancer ________________________
stroke __________________________________
yellow teeth _________________________
costs a lot of money _______________________
smelly clothes _______________________
SECOND HAND SMOKE
➢ Second hand smoke is the third leading cause of preventable death, behind active smoking and
alcohol use.
➢ Second hand smoke is a lung carcinogen, responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths
annually in U.S. NONSMOKERS.
➢ Second hand smoke causes an increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis
and pneumonia.
➢ In children (birth to 18 months), second hand smoke is associated with...
• nearly 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia each year, resulting in 7,500-15,000
hospitalizations a year,
• twice the risk of bronchitis and pneumonia,
• prevalence of fluid in the middle ear, indicating middle ear disease and infection,
• a small, but significant reduction in lung function, and
• 8,000-26,000 new cases of asthma annually, which may result from parents who smoke at
least 10 cigarettes a day.
THE LIFE OF A SMOKER
Lung cancer may sound like a possibility that is years away. The truth is, cancer is a slow process that begins many years before
symptoms are noticed. Take a look at the typical case below.
Age 14: Carl smokes-his first cigarette. As the smoke passes through his lungs, it leaves behind a sticky tar. The tar
contains dozens of cancer-causing chemicals.
Age 15: During summer vacation, Carl starts smoking every day. Each cigarette damages some of the cells in Carl's
lungs.
Age-18: Carl goes to college. He now smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. Many of the cilia in his lungs have been
damaged or destroyed. Since they cannot keep dirt and smoke particles out of his lungs, Carl must
cough to clear his chest.
Age 22: Carl has a "smoker's hack." Every morning, he spends about five minutes coughing up phlegm.
Age 25: Carl switches to a "light" cigarette-brand-with less-nicotine. Since his body knows it is getting less of the
drug, it tells him to smoke more cigarettes. Carl starts smoking two packs a day. This is what the
tobacco company had in mind all along.
Age 26: A single cell in Carl's lungs becomes damaged by a chemical in a puff of cigarette smoke. The cell's DNA gets
confused and sends out a message for more of these damaged cells to be made. Luckily, one of Carl's
white blood cells eats the damaged cell before it can be replicated.
Age 29: Carl gets married. He doesn't know it, but another cell has been changed, or mutated, by cigarette smoke.
It has a weird shape, an enlarged nucleus, and too many chromosomes. It is a cancer cell, and it begins
to divide quickly.
Age 32: The cancer cells have formed a small clump in Carl's left lung. They begin to squeeze out normal lung cells.
Soon, they invade the normal cells and begin to destroy them. Carl still has no symptoms.
Age 37: Carl now has two kids and a job he really likes. The cancer is still confined to a small part of his Tung, where
it could be successfully treated. The -problem is, Carl's only symptom is a lingering cough, something
he has lived with for many years. He doesn't think about going to the doctor.
Age 42: Carl begins to feel tired, another major warning sign of lung cancer. He thinks he is just working too hard.
Age 46: The cancer spreads to nearby lymph nodes, which -carry fluid (and cancer cells) throughout the body.
Age 47: After he complains about a pain in his chest, Carl's wife tells him to go to the doctor. An X-ray finds that the
cancer has spread to Carl's neck and chest wall. Like many lung cancer patients, he has only a ten
percent chance of surviving five years.
Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,00 0 chemicals, many of which are toxic to the body. Several of these chemicals at least
60 are carcinogens, which means that they have been proven to cause cancer in humans.
Following are some of the chemicals found in tobacco smoke and examples of other substances in which they are commonly
found:
Naphthalene
mothball chemical
Arsenic
Poison
Butane
Cigarette lighter fluid
Mercury
Found in Thermometers
Nitrobenzene
gasoline additive
Cadmium
Component in batteries
Nitrous Oxide
Disinfectant
DDT
insecticide banned in most Western
industrialized nations
Smokers are controlled by the ups and downs of nicotine. To find out why, check out the puzzle below. If a sentence is true, circle the letter
in the T Colum. If the sentence is false, circle the letter in the F Colum. Place the circled letters in the blanks below to answer the question.
T
F
Nicotine is found in cigarettes, but not in other types of tobacco.
K
A
Nicotine is poisonous.
D
J
At one time, nicotine was used as a bug killer
D
E
Nicotine is less addictive than heroin.
S
I
With the first puff of a cigarette, nicotine enters the bloodstream.
C
M
Nicotine doesn’t change a person’s heartbeat.
I
T
Since the body used nicotine slowly, the smoker will only need a few cigarettes a week.
L
I
Nicotine causes the brain to release chemicals that change a smoker’s mood.
O
P
Nicotine widens blood vessels.
T
N
Why are smokers so trapped by nicotine? _____
_____ _____ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____
IF YOU STOP SMOKING YOUR BODY WILL RECOVER...
Within ...
• 20 minutes
Your blood pressure, pulse rate, and the temperature of your hands and feet will all return
to normal.
• 8 hours
Remaining nicotine in your bloodstream will have fallen to 6.25% of normal peak daily
levels, a 93.25% reduction.
• 12 hours
Your blood oxygen level will have increased to normal and carbon monoxide levels will have
dropped to normal.
• 24 hours
Anxieties peak in intensity and within two weeks should return to near pre-cessation levels.
• 48 hours
Damaged nerve endings have started to regrow and your sense of smell and taste are
beginning to return to normal. Cessation anger and irritability peaks.
• 72 hours
Your entire body will test 100% nicotine-free and over 90% of all nicotine metabolites (the
chemicals it breaks down into) will now have passed from your body via your urine. Symptoms
of chemical withdrawal have peaked in intensity, including restlessness. The number of cue
induced crave episodes experienced during any quitting day will peak for the "average" exuser. Lung bronchial tubes leading to air sacs (alveoli) are beginning to relax in recovering
smokers. Breathing is becoming easier and the lungs functional abilities are starting to
increase.
• 5 - 8 days
The "average" ex-smoker will encounter an "average" of three cue induced crave episodes per
day. Although we may not be "average" and although serious cessation time distortion can
make minutes feel like hours, it is unlikely that any single episode will last longer than 3
minutes. Keep a clock handy and time them.
• 10 days
10 days - The "average ex-user is down to encountering less than two crave episodes per day,
each less than 3 minutes.
• 10 days to 2 weeks
Recovery has likely progressed to the point where your addiction is no longer doing the talking.
Blood circulation in our gums and teeth are now similar to that of a non-user.
• 2 to 4 weeks
Cessation related anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, impatience, insomnia, restlessness
and depression have ended. If still experiencing any of these symptoms get seen and evaluated
by your physician.
• 21 days
Brian acetylcholine receptor counts up-regulated in response to nicotine’s presence have now
down-regulated and receptor binding had returned to levels seen in and evaluated by your
physician
• 2 weeks to 3 months
Your heart attack risk has started to drop. Your lung function is beginning to improve.
• 3 weeks to 3 months
Your circulation has substantially improved. Walking has become easier.
Your chronic cough, if any, has likely disappeared.
• 1 to 9 months
Any smoking related sinus congestion, fatigue or shortness of breath have decreased. Cilia have
regrown in your lungs thereby increasing their ability to handle mucus, keep your lungs clean,
and reduce infections. Your body's overall energy has increased.
• 1 year
Your excess risk of coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke has dropped to less than half
that of a smoker.
• 5 to 15 years
Your risk of stroke has declined to that of a non-smoker.
• 10 years
Your risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer is between 30% and 50% of that for a continuing
smoker (2005 study). Risk of death from lung cancer has declined by almost half if you were an
average smoker (one pack per day). Your risk of pancreatic cancer has declined to that
of a never-smoker (2011 study), while risk of cancer of the mouth, throat and esophagus has
also declined.
• 13 years
Your risk of smoking induced tooth loss has declined to that of a never-smoker
(2006 study).
• 15 year
Your risk of coronary heart disease is now that of a person who has never
smoked.
• 20 years
Female excess risk of death from all smoking related causes, including lung
disease and cancer, has now reduced to that of a never-smoker (2008 study).
 OLD Packaging
NEW Packaging 
Dissolvable Tobacco Products
• Orbs
A pellet or tablet that looks like a breath mint
Lasts about 15 minutes
Flavors: mellow (original) & fresh (mint)
• Strips
An opaque strip similar to Listerine brand breath-freshening strips
Lasts about 3 minutes
Flavor: fresh (mint)
• Sticks
A toothpick-like stick that can be broken into pieces or placed in the mouth whole
Lasts about 10 minutes
Flavor: mellow (original)
Health Concerns
- Dissolvable products may contain up to three times the amount of nicotine found in one cigarette.
- A cigarette smoker typically takes in about 1 milligram of nicotine.
- Camel Dissolvables are said to deliver about 0.6 to 3.1 milligrams of nicotine each.
- Smokers who use these products may get a higher dose of nicotine than they are used to.
- The high nicotine content combined with the nature of the products and the ease of use is a potentially deadly combination.
- For example, users may be tempted to ingest multiple Orbs at one time, like they would "tic tacs" or any other
breath mints.
- Dissolvable tobacco is not a safe alternate to cigarettes.
- These products are likely to appeal to children and adolescents because they are flavored and packaged like candy or "tic tacs", and are
easy to conceal (at school, at home, and in public places).
- They are labeled with the Camel brand and logo, which is already one of the three top selling brands with underage smokers.
- While these products are sold in "child-resistant" packaging, their resemblance to candy and breathe mint strips and the likelihood that
adults will carry the small packages in their pockets or leave them in other unsecured places, means that children may have easy access
to them.
…also known as a water pipe.
It is a single-or multi-stemmed instrument
for vaporizing and smoking flavored
tobacco in which the vapor or smoke is
passed through a water basin (often glassbased) before inhalation. Depending on
the placement of the coal a hookah can be
used to produce smoke by burning or used
to create water vapor by melting it at a
lower temperature
1 Hookah session involves inhaling 100x to 200x the volume of smoke inhaled in 1 cigarette
Cigarettes take about 5 minutes to smoke=about 10 puffs=500 mil/1 liter of smoke
Hookah takes about 45 minutes to smoke=about 100 puffs=1 cigarette per puff
E-Cigarette, Water Vapor Cigarette, Electric Cigarette
Electronic Cigarettes
First popularized as a safer way of nicotine intake. While Electronic. Cigarette consumption is safer than having actual
cigarettes filled with tobacco, they are not really a total safe option.
Electronic Cigarettes are found to contain an anti-freeze component known as Diethylene Glycol. It is toxic to humans and
can cause health worries on inhalation. This is one of the major Electronic Cigarette side effects.
E-cigarettes also contain cancer-causing compounds like nitrosamines. If the cigarette accidentally breaks, humans may be
exposed to such harmful components.
E-cigarettes also consist of Tetramethylpyrazine, prolonged exposure to Tetramethylpyrazine can result in brain
damage in human beings.
Nicotine: Health experts argue that electronic cigarettes contain nicotine, the basic element found in cigarettes. In an
electronic cigarette liquid nicotine is used. Nicotine is an alkaloid medicine that is harmful for humans. A long drag on
the cigarette can make you actually suck some of the liquid nicotine into your mouth. This can be very damaging for
health. You have to drag the cigarette slowly for 3-5 seconds, which is not always possible to be careful about.
Do Electronic Cigarettes cause Cancer?
People often worry whether Electronic Cigarettes give rise to cancer. In electronic cigarette nicotine, flavorings
and many other harmful chemicals are used that may have cancerous effects on the body. Studies still need to be
conducted to see what the full health risk will be.
Electronic Cigarette and Risks for Heart
Electronic cigarette cartridges contain nicotine which can cause heart ailments. Cartridges containing even
traces of nicotine can be risky for the health of your heart. The risk can be reduced only by using Electronic Cigarette no
nicotine cartridges.
Is Electronic Cigarette Good For You?
It is a fact that no electronic cigarette company is endorsed by any health organization. This is the reason why
there has been an effective Electronic Cigarette ban in a number of countries like Canada. While Electronic Cigarettes
are less dangerous compared to real cigarettes, they are still a threat to smokers. For an effective removal of smoking
habit, it is best to give up smoking completely.
Bad Marketing
The marketing strategy of e-cigarettes has also come under criticism. Many electronic cigarette brands are being
found to offer e-cigarettes in various flavors like mint, orange and chocolate. This can entice smokers as well as nonsmokers. This
actually promotes smoking rather than curbing it. Some electronic cigarette juices have caramel and strawberry flavorings that may
attract children into smoking.