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Palynology Michael G. Simpson Palynology (Gr, palynos, dust) = The study of pollen and spores Why study? – Use as characters in phylogenetic analysis – Use in plant identification • Extant plants • Fossil plants – paleopalynology – past plant communities, climate, biogeography, migration What are they? Spore - haploid cell derived from sporganium via meiosis Pollen - immature, endosporic male gametophyte derived from male spores (microspores) in Seed Plants Pollen Nucleus No. binucleate versus trinucleate Pollen Storage Product starch versus oil Pollen Unit monad Pollen Unit tetrahedral tetragonal tetrad Pollen Unit decussate tetrad Pollen Unit polyad Pollen Unit pollinium Pollen Polarity Pollen Aperture Aperture - specially delimited region of pollen grain wall. Function: - Point of pollen tube exitus, where pollen tube grows out. - Harmomegathy. Pollen Aperture monosulcate Pollen Aperture tricolpate Pollen Aperture tricolporate Pollen Aperture triporate Pollen Aperture spiraperturate ulcerate Pollen Aperture disulculate Pollen Aperture pantoporate Pollen Aperture zonosulculate Pollen Symmetry, Size, Shape Pollen Sculpturing echinate verrucate Pollen Sculpturing rugulose foveolate Pollen Sculpturing reticulate striate Pollen Wall Structure tectate-columellate Pollen Wall Structure tectate-columellate Viscin Threads viscin threads
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