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Trigonometric Identities
Co function Identities
Reciprocal Identities
sec x 
1
cos x
csc x 
1
sin x
tan x 
sin x
cos x
cot x 
cos x
sin x
tan x 
1
cot x
cot x 
1
tan x
Pythagorean Identities
sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1
1  tan 2 x  sec 2 x
1  cot 2 x  csc 2 x
Negative Angle Identities
sin  x    sin x
cos x   cos x
tan  x    tan x
Periodicity Identities
sin  x  2   sin x
csc  x  2   csc x
cos x  2   cos x
sec x  2   sec x
tan  x     tan x
cot  x     cot x


sin x  cos  x 
2



cos x  sin   x 
2



tan x  cot   x 
2



csc x  sec  x 
2



sec x  csc  x 
2



cot x  tan   x 
2

Addition and Subtraction
Identities
sin  x  y   sin x cos y  cos x sin y
sin  x  y   sin x cos y  cos x sin y
cos x  y   cos x cos y  sin x sin y
cos x  y   cos x cos y  sin x sin y
tan x  tan y
tan  x  y  
1  tan x tan y
tan x  tan y
tan  x  y  
1  tan x tan y
Double Angle Identities
sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x
cos 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
cos 2 x  2 cos 2 x  1
cos 2 x  1  2 sin 2 x
2 tan x
tan 2 x 
1  tan 2 x
Half-Angle Identities
sin
Factoring Identities
x y x y
sin x  sin y  2 sin 
 cos

 2   2 
x y x y
sin x  sin y  2 cos
 sin 

 2   2 
x y x y
cos x  cos y  2 cos
 cos

 2   2 
x
1  cos x

2
2
x
1  cos x

2
2
x 1  cos x
tan 
2
sin x
x
sin x
tan 
2 1  cos x
cos
x y x y
cos x  cos y  2 sin 
 sin 

 2   2 
Product Identities
1
sin x  y   sin x  y 
2
1
sin x sin y  cosx  y   cosx  y 
2
1
cos x cos y  cosx  y   cosx  y 
2
1
cos x sin y  sin x  y   sin x  y 
2
sin x cos y 
Here is an easy way to remember these relationships for trig functions and the
right triangle. Just write down this mnemonic:
SOH - CAH - TOA
It is pronounced "so - ka - toe - ah".
The SOH stands for "Sine of an angle is Opposite over Hypotenuse."
The CAH stands for "Cosine of an angle is Adjacent over Hypotenuse."
The TOA stands for "Tangent of an angle is Opposite over Adjacent."
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