Download 11.1

 12/1860
South Carolina’s fire-eaters
(pro-slavery extremists) passed an
ordinance of secession, citing the
following causes behind this decision:
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Abolitionist propaganda
The Underground Railroad
Personal Liberty Laws
The Republican Party
 There
was an alleged conspiracy to
assassinate Abraham Lincoln en-route
to Washington D.C. (PA-MD)
 “Flight of Abraham” Harper’s Weekly
 Deep
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South:
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
 The
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Upper South:
Virginia
Arkansas
North Carolina
Tennessee
 Lame-duck
President James
Buchanan
claimed that
secession was
unconstitutional,
but he did nothing
to prevent it.
 Preamble
• “We, the people of the Confederate States,
each State acting in its sovereign and
independent character, in order to form a
permanent federal government, establish
justice, insure domestic tranquility, and
secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves
and our posterity — invoking the favor and
guidance of Almighty God — do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the
Confederate States of America.”
 Section
9 - Limits on Congress, Bill of
Rights
• “The importation of negroes of the African
race from any foreign country other than
the slaveholding States or Territories of
the United States of America, is hereby
forbidden; and Congress is required to
pass such laws as shall effectually prevent
the same.”
 Lincoln
had to keep the Border States in the
Union by making gestures toward
accepting slavery.
 Lincoln’s First Inaugural:
• “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to
interfere with the institution of slavery in the States
where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do
so, and I have no inclination to do so.”
 Border States / Slave
• Maryland (8%)
• Delaware (1.6%)
• Missouri (11%)
• Kentucky (24%)
• West Virginia*
Population
 Attorney
General: Edward Bates
 Secretary of State: William Henry
Seward
 Secretary of War: Edwin Stanton
 Secretary of Treasury: Salmon Chase
 Federal
fort Located in Charleston
Harbor (SC)
 South Carolina demands Union Major
Robert Anderson surrender the fort
 Lincoln’s Options:
• Surrender
• Attack
• Re-Supply
 4/12/1861 – The Civil War begins with
the bombardment of Fort Sumter
UNION
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Population (2x1)
Navy
Railroad tracks (71%)
Firearms production
(97%)
Industrial capacity
The North could feed,
clothe, arm and transport
more soldiers than the
Confederacy
CONFEDERACY
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Fighting a defensive war
(a tie is a win)
Passionate for the cause
Average soldier had some
military experience /
owned a weapon
Talented army officers
(Robert E. Lee)
“Cotton is King”
Jefferson Davis (?)
 Virginia
was by far the most populated
and industrialized southern state
 Its location was vital to both the Union
and Confederacy
 4/17/1861 – Virginia seceded following
Fort Sumter
 Robert E. Lee, “I have been unable to
make up my mind to raise my hand
against my native state, my relatives,
my children, my home.”
UNION

Anaconda Plan
1.) Blockade southern
ports
2.) Seize the
Mississippi River
3.) Take Confederate
Capital (Richmond,
VA)
CONFEDERACY
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Defensive
Wear down the Union
population’s stomach for
war