Download Environmental problems*

Environmental problems…
Dispersion of Toxic Substances
Ozone Layer Depletion
Air Pollution
Urban Environmental Problems
Marine Environment & Coastal Zones
Water Pollution & Water Resources
Waste
Climate Change
Loss of Biodiversity
Resource Depletion
Emergence of environmental problems
Maslow’s pyramid of needs
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Environmental Policy
Global conferences on the environment:
- Stockholm – 1972
- Rio – 1992
- kyoto – 1997
- Johannesburg – 2002
-Copenaghen -2012
…’70 years
Gradual internationalization of the debate around the issue of relations between
environment and development.
increase the perception of
environmental issues: focus
on large point sources of
pollution concentrated
(industrial plants, power
plants, pollution)
increase scientific knowledge in
environmental
Report "The Limits to Growth"
Published for the Club of Rome
from MIT (Massachussets Institute of technology)
Resource Depletion
Pollution
Limits to Growth
Management of environmental ricks
New technologies and energy
efficiency
Management of resources
Environmental costs
Stockholm Conference (1972)
First summit ONU on “HUMAN ENVIRONMENT”
Pollution:
Acid rain
World Hunger
Marine Environment & Coastal Zones
Third World devolepment
Establishment UNEP
(United Nations Environment Programme)
Rio Conference (1992)
Earth Summit, second summit ONU on “environment and
development”
183
countries
comparison among industrialized countries
(which have reached the carrying capacity of its ecosystem)
and the countries of the South, underdeveloped or developing
(as opposed to assume responsibility for the environment, if not after compensatory
measures, such as programs Economic Assistance
Rio Conference (1992)
Results:
1. Climate convention: CO2 emission
2. Biodiversity convention: preservation of the genetic heritage of
animals and plants
3. Statement of Forest: The Convention has been impeded by the
holders of most countries of tropical forests
4. Statement of Rio: 27 integrating environment and development
principles
5. Local Agenda 21: global action plan that identifies the
characteristics of sustainable development and the means to
achieve
Local Agenda 21
Collection of intentions to initiate sustainable development policies
through consensus of the entire civil society (population,
institutions, businesses, etc..) At national, regional and sub-regional
level.
Local actors must become active partners
in decision making concerning their own
territory governance processes (voluntary
choices
shared
"bottom-up)
and
partnerships (selected subsidiaries and
implemented by all players on the
territory).
Multisectoral action program (4
sections - the socio-economic,
conservation and management
of resources for development,
strengthening the role of social
forces, implementation tools and 40 chapters) is owned by
the governments in the twentyfirst century.
Eco development
“Term coined at the Stockholm Conference and logical antecedent of "sustainable
development." Suffix "eco" stands for "ecological" and "economic": A weld between
economy and ecology. The transition from "Ecosviluppo" to "sustainable development"
has sanctioned the movement from local to global level environmental problems
caused by development have an impact not only on the territory in question, but invest
the whole planet, requiring a comprehensive approach to resolving them.
JOHANNESBURG Conference (2002)
RECOGNIZING THAT THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY, CHANGE OF STYLES OF
PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION AND THE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCES ARE THE OBJECTIVES AND BASIC CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL EQUALITY
OTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS for definitions of sustainable development are:
Fairness 'SOCIAL within generations within a single community; GENERATIONS respect to
future generations.
UNCERTAINTY AND IRREVERSIBLE' OFTEN THE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS It appears as extremely complex, giving rise POSITIONS TO MUCH difference
between scientists or between countries