Download Section 1.3: Can you prove protein is NOT heritable material?

Integrating Concepts in
Biology
PowerPoint Slides for Chapter 1:
Heritable Material
1.3 Can you prove protein is NOT the
heritable material?
by A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J. Heyer, &
Christopher Paradise
Title Page
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Biology Learning Objectives
• Interpret data showing that DNA is the heritable
material and protein is not.
• Evaluate experimental design and analyze data from
research on DNA as molecular information.
ELSI Learning Objectives
• Critique the common misconceptions about DNA
evidence in trials.
• Argue whether other people have the right to access
your DNA information.
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Transforming Factor from S Cells
R strain
Fig. 1.4
S strain
courtesy of Abagael Slattery and from Belanger et al. 2004
Twenty Amino Acids for Code
Fig. 1.5A
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Four
Nucleotides
for Code
4 phosphates
(long bonds stretched
for clarity only)
Fig. 1.5B
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Bacteriophage Infecting E. coli
Fig. 1.6
Image by
Graham Beards. 2008
Phage Made of Protein and DNA
Fig. 1.6
Image by
Graham Beards. 2008
Hershey & Chase Experiment
Fig. 1.7A
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Hershey & Chase Experiment
infection
5 minutes
Fig. 1.7B
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Hershey & Chase Experiment
infection
5 minutes
Fig. 1.7B
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Hershey & Chase Results
protein
DNA
Fig. 1.8
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Results
protein
5 min. incubation, then blender
DNA
Fig. 1.8
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Results
protein
How long should they blend?
DNA
Fig. 1.8
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Results
protein
What is transmitted to progeny?
DNA
Fig. 1.8
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Results
80% proteins outside bacteria
Fig. 1.8
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Results
70% DNA inside bacteria
Fig. 1.8
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Results
proteins probably NOT
heritable material
Fig. 1.8
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Improved Data
Table 1.2. Location of phage protein and DNA after infection of E. coli.
Table 1.2
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Improved Data
Table 1.2. Location of phage protein and DNA after infection of E. coli.
Table 1.2
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Hershey & Chase Improved Data
Table 1.2. Location of phage protein and DNA after infection of E. coli.
35S-
protein refined experiment
32P-
DNA refined experiment
1% of protein inside
70% DNA inside
Table 1.2
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
Protein NOT Heritable Material
Table 1.2. Location of phage protein and DNA after infection of E. coli.
35S-
protein refined experiment
32P-
DNA refined experiment
some virus progeny
contained 32P DNA
Table 1.2
from Hershey and Chase, 1952.
4 Myths of DNA
1.
2.
3.
4.
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
4 Myths of DNA
1. DNA sequencing is super fast
2. whole genome sequenced
3. DNA convicts the guilty
4. DNA evidence is perfect
Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.
Innocence Project
ELSI Web Resource
http://www.innocenceproject.org
Innocence Project
ELSI Web Resource
http://www.innocenceproject.org
1906 Understanding of Genetics
ELSI Fig. 1.2
from American Philosophical Society, 1906.
1906 Understanding of Genetics
ELSI Fig. 1.2
from American Philosophical Society, 1906.