Download Lesson 10: Selective Breeding

Lesson 10: Selective Breeding
When you select or choose which
two parents to breed
• Have you ever watched a dog show?
Many different breeds are presented.
Judges look for the specific traits each
type of dog should have.
When breeding dogs
what traits might be
desired?
 Bigger or
smaller
 Nose more
round or pointed
 Preferred color
Humans can affect the traits of
organisms through selective
breeding, or choosing certain
characteristics to be passed on.
This is called selective breeding.
If you were a corn farmer, what
different traits might you look
for in plants?
Can you breed certain parents to
get those traits?
• Inbreeding, breeding parents with the
same traits over and over again, produces
individuals with similar characteristics.
This comes with some risks. Inbreeding
increases the possibility that an individual
will inherit two recessive alleles for a
genetic defect.
•Here’s how selective breeding works.
•Cavaliers have four different coat (hair) colors:
Blenheim (white and brown), Ruby (solid brown),
Brown & Black, and Tri-color (white, black and brown).
•Their coat color depend on the traits they received
from their parents.
I have a male, named Nicholas (Nick).
He is Blenheim.
Chloe, the mom of the last litter of puppies,
is Tri-Color.
The
Puppy
Count
(heads
and
spines)
What will they look like?
What is the puppy coat probability
of Blenheim? _____ TriColor?____
Hint: Nick’s coat
color is
dominate
• Hybridization is selective
breeding that involves crossing
individuals with different traits
to obtain organisms with the
best traits of each parent.
These individuals are often
more resilient than their
parents.
EXAMPLES: a LIGER
a Zedonk
a Mule
selective breeding
• the process through which humans use
naturally occurring genetic patterns to
pass desired traits on to generations of
plants and animals
inbreeding
• selective breeding in order to maintain a
certain characteristic in a line of organisms
hybridization
• selective breeding that involves crossing
individuals with different traits to obtain
organisms with the best traits of each
parent
• Genetic engineering
and cloning use
technology to
produce more cells
or offspring. The first
mammal cloned from
an adult cell was a
sheep named Dolly.
• Dolly’s birth was engineered by veterinary
researcher Dr. Ian Wilmut and his
colleagues at the Roslin Institute, and their
achievement shattered the belief that adult
mammal cells could not be used to recreate a genetic copy.
• Dolly gave added impetus to talk — and
concern — about human cloning.
ethics
• the rules of conduct recognized in respect
to a particular class of human actions or a
particular group, culture, etc.
• What is alright to do and what should
never be done?
Human
Reproductive Cloning
Ethical Issues:
• Technical and medical safety
• Undermining the concept of reproduction and
family
• Ambiguous relations of a cloned child with the
progenitor
• Confusing personal identity and harming the
psychological development of a clone
• Concerns about eugenics
• Contrary to Human Dignity
• Promoting trends towards designer babies and
human enhancement
• The cloning debate involves scientists,
legislators, religious leaders, philosophers
and international organizations, but not
always harmoniously. General agreement
(almost unanimously) is that human
“reproductive” cloning — for the purposes
of producing a human genetic-copy baby
— is unethical.
genetic engineering
• the process of removing a bit of genetic
material from one organism and inserting it
into another
cloning
• the process of using the genetic
information from a single cell of an
organism to produce another organism
with the same genetic information