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Key Issue 2
Why is Each Point on Earth Unique?
pg13 - 28
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Regions: Areas of Unique Characteristics
• A region derives its unified character through
the cultural landscape-a combination of cultural
features such as language and religion,
economic features such as agriculture and
industry, and physical features such as climate
and vegetation.
• Since the mid-1800s, geographers have used
the term regional studies to argue that each
region has its own distinctive landscape that
results from a unique combination of social
relationships and physical processes.
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Place: Unique Location of a Feature – 23,
24,
• Location: 4 ways to
identify
– Place names
• Toponym:
– Site: the physical
characteristics of a place
– Situation: location of a
place relative to other
places (helps locate a
location)
– Mathematical location:
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Toponyms
• 1896 Mt. McKinley, Alaska
• 2015 Denali (The Tall One)
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SITE - 25
• physical characteristics of a
place: climate, water sources,
topography, soil, vegetation,
latitude, and elevation.
• Humans have the ability to
modify the characteristics of a
site.
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Palm Island Dubai
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Situation:
• Location of a place relative to
other places (helps locate a
location)
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Place: Mathematical Location – 11, 12, 13,
14, 15
• Location of any place
can be described
precisely by a numbering
system
– Meridians (lines of
longitude) 74W
• Prime meridian (Greenwich,
England)
– Parallels (lines of latitude)
41N
• The equator
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Find the Latitude/Longitude
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World’s Time Zones - 16
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The Cultural Landscape
• A unique combination of
social relationships and
physical processes
• Each region = a
distinctive landscape
• People/Culture = the
most important agents of
change to Earth’s
surface
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People/Culture is the Agent
Nature the Medium
Cultural Landscape the Result
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Cultural Landscape
• Each person will be
assigned a region.
• You must research and
choose a famous man made
structure found there and
print a photo and tell us the
following:
• 1) What is the name of the structure?
(Toponym)
• 2) Which country is the structure
located?
• 3) What was the original purpose of the
structure and when was it built?
• 4) Describe the structure’s situation
within the country.
• 5) What is the structure’s mathematical
location?
• 6) When was it build?
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Regions
•
•
•
•
•
•
1) South Asia
2) East Asia
3) Middle East
4) Sub-Saharan Africa
5) Latin America
6) Europe
• Nobody can pick the same
country.
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Types of Regions
• Regional Studies:
approach to geography
that emphasizes the
relationship among
social and physical
phenomena in a
particular study.
• Region can apply to
any area larger than a
point but smaller than
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the planet.
Types of Regions - 28
• Formal (uniform) regions
– Example: political maps.
• Functional (nodal or focal
point) regions
– Example: the circulation
area of a newspaper
• Vernacular (perceptual)
regions rather than a
scientific model
– Example: Cultural Mental
Maps
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Vernacular Region by
Mental Mapping
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Spatial Association
• Spatial distribution of a
region communicate useful
info, but other factors need
to be considered
• i.e. – cancer rates vary
according to cultural,
economic, and
environmental factors.
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Culture – 29
• Origin from the Latin cultus, meaning “to
care for”. Body of customary beliefs,
material traits, and social forms that
distinguish a group.
• Two aspects:
– What people care about
• Beliefs, values, and customs
• Three identifying factors of culture derive from:
Language, Religion, & Ethnicity.
– What people take care of
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Pearson Education,
Inc.
• Earning a living;
obtaining
food,
clothing, and shelter
MDC & LDC - 31
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Cultural Ecology
• The geographic study of • Determined by a group’s
human–environment
values
relationships
• Crop selection determine by
• Two perspectives:
environment
– Environmental determinism:
how physical environment • Vegetarian vs Noncaused social development vegetarian
– Possibilism: humans have • Cremation versus burial
the ability to adjust to their
environment/ resources
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Physical Processes
determined by human activity/ 4 types
• 5 Climates: Tropics, Dry,
Warm, Cold, Polar
• Vegetation/Biomes: Forest,
Savanna, Grassland Desert
• Soil: 12,000 soil types
• Landforms: flat to mountainous
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Modifying the Environment
• Examples
– The Netherlands
• Polders: creating land by
drainage
– The Florida Everglades
– Not so sensitive environmental
modification/ unintended
environmental/social
consequences
Figure 1-21
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Key Issue 2
Why Is Each Point on Earth Unique? Pg 13 28
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Key Issue 3
Why Are Different Places Similar
Pg 28 -38
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33. Identify scale and explain the growing
importance of this concept in geography.
• Large scale shows uniqueness of a place. Small scale
shows broad patterns. Why is this important?
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33. Scale: Local to Global
• Globalization:
economically
interdependent
• Transnational
corporations:
conduct research,
operate facilities,
and sell product
• Cultural
globalization
• Uniformed global
landscapes &
cultural values
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35. Provide examples of how globalization
has the ability to threaten local culture.
• Entertainment, food, faith, language, fashion, beauty,
consumer goods, skills, education… it never stops!
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How would you feel if 75% of the movies/ tv
shows that played in the US were Indian films
with English subtitles?
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Or 85% of fast food restaurants served
Arabic cuisine?
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Or 65% of the most admired women wore veils
and the most respected men wore long
beards?
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Or if Wal-Mart started selling,
whole ducks, alligators, frogs,
turtles, and pig faces to eat?
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© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.