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During Middle Ages total conformity (religion) Notable people: Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo, Donatello, Copernicus, Shakespeare Inventions: printing press, clocks, microscope, gun powder, eye glasses, submarine RENAISSANCE Re-birth of Europe 1350-1600, 1500-1688 Varies with the region. Began in Italy during 14th century Tried to emulate Ancient Rome and Greece After the Middle Ages and before Modern Age (18th century) A random person in Leonardo daVinci costume Columbus Reaching America Michelangelo (David) Shakespeare Copernicus Galileo SHAKESPEARE Add Class notes from pg. 89. GLOBE THEATRE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3VGa6Fp3zI Page 72: Read and answer the following questions. What is a ‘classic tragedy’? • Fall of a character due to his/her character flaw. What is a ‘conflict’? What is a ‘tragic flaw’ ? What is a ‘downfall” ? What is a ‘climax’? VOCABULARY Reign: the period of time during which a king, queen, emperor, etc., is ruler of a country Throne: the special chair for a king, queen, or other powerful person Meek: having or showing a quiet and gentle nature Gratitude: a feeling of appreciation or thanks Withered: to shrivel from or as if from loss of bodily moisture Heath: Area of open wasteland Hurly-burly: Uproar, confusion of battle Hover: to float in the air without moving in any direction. Ere : before Thane: rank of high noble in Scotland Pilot: a guide or leader Attire: clothing Swine: a pig Prophecies: the power or ability to know what will happen in the future Marvel: one that causes wonder or astonishment Trifles: something that does not have much value or importance Frenzy: great and often wild or uncontrolled activity Gleam: Serpent: Beguile: to mislead, deceive Shoal: piece of a ground forming a shallow plane in a river or sea. Commends: entrusts Chalice: a cup Sensible: able to be sensed, perceptible Knell: warning bell Alack: alas. Oh my! Confound: confuse, bewilder Ravelled: frayed ; to become entangled in struggle Sleave: tangle of threads Balm: soothing ointment Witness: evidence, proof Gild: cover with blood Withal: with it all Tumultuous: disorderly, noisy Scepter: a rod or staff held by the rulers. Wrenched: pulled or jerked violently Unlineal: not in direct line of descent from the king Blanching: turning white Infirmity: weakness, disease Caldron: large open kettle Entrails: internal parts of body, intestines Newt: salamander Tartar: member of old eastern European tribe Apparition: phantom, spirit, ghost Sear: to burn the surface of Blood bolstered: with blood matting his hair Seething: very angry Retinue: group of servants of an important person On’s: of his Abroad: about spread around Divine: priest or other clergyman Petty: small or alow Wrack: wreck or destroy Harness: armor Rabble: common people, the masses Pg 75 Where hast thou been? On’t Pg. 76 ‘tis To win us to our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray us "Yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o' the mild of human kindness to catch the nearest way" o Where have you been? o Shortened for On it. o It is o He is warning Macbeth that the witches predictions may contain just enough truth to mislead him into great harm o She knows/fears that Macbeth is too kind to be cruel enough to take the ruthless way and kill the king Pg 77 "Your face, my thane is as a book where men may read strange matters... look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under't Pg 78 " If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well it were done quickly.“ “Jump the life to come” o Lady Macbeth is telling Macbeth to deceive Duncan with his countenance , pretending to be loyal, but all the while planning to betray and kill him: o If I'm going to do it, get it over with quickly. o Risk our afterlife Pg 79 Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heatoppressèd brain? Is this a dagger I see in front of me, with its handle pointing toward my hand? Come, let me hold you. I don’t have you but I can still see you. Fateful apparition, isn’t it possible to touch you as well as see you? Or are you nothing more than a dagger created by the mind, a hallucination from my fevered brain. Pg 79-80 Alack, I am afraid they have awaked, And ’tis not done. Th' attempt and not the deed Confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; He could not miss 'em. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done ’t. o Oh no, I’m afraid the servants woke up, and the murder didn’t happen. For us to attempt murder and not succeed would ruin us. Listen to that! I put the servants' daggers where Macbeth would find them. He couldn’t have missed them. If Duncan hadn’t reminded me of my father when I saw him sleeping, I would have killed him myself. Pg 80 Methought I heard a voice cry, “Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep”— the innocent sleep, Sleep that knits up the raveled sleave of care, The death of each day’s life, sore labor’s bath, Balm of hurt minds, great nature’s second course, Chief nourisher in life’s feast. Infirm of purpose o I thought I heard a voice cry, “Sleep no more! Macbeth is murdering sleep.” Innocent sleep. Sleep that soothes away all our worries. Sleep that puts each day to rest. Sleep that relieves the weary laborer and heals hurt minds. Sleep, the main course in life’s feast, and the most nourishing. o Calling him a coward Pg 81 To know my deed, ’twere best not know myself. Wake Duncan with thy knocking. I would thou couldst. They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. And put a barren scepter in my grip, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding. If ’t be so, For Banquo’s issue have I filed my mind; For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered; To make them kings, the seed of Banquo kings! o Rather than have to think about my crime, I’d prefer to be completely unconscious. Wake Duncan with your knocking. I wish you could o They named him the father to a line of kings. They gave me a crown and a scepter that I can’t pass on. Someone outside my family will take these things away from me, since no son of mine will take my place as king. If this is true, ( Banquo’s warning and negativity)then I’ve tortured my conscience and murdered the gracious Duncan for Banquo’s sons. pg 83 This is the very painting of your fear. This is the air-drawn dagger which you said Led you to Duncan. o This is just another one of the hallucinations you always get when you’re afraid. This is like that floating dagger you said was leading you toward Duncan. pg 84 Thou art too like the spirit of Banquo. Down! Thy crown does sear mine eyeballs. And thy hair, Thou other gold-bound brow, is like the first. A third is like the former.— Filthy hags! Why do you show me this? A fourth? Start, eyes! What, will the line stretch out to th' crack of doom? Another yet? A seventh? I’ll see no more. And yet the eighth appears, who bears a glass Which shows me many more, and some I see That twofold balls and treble scepters carry. Horrible sight! Now I see ’tis true; For the blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me And points at them for his. You look too much like the ghost of Banquo. Go away! Your crown hurts my eyes. Your blond hair, which looks like another crown underneath the one you’re wearing, looks just like the first king’s hair. Now I see a third king who looks just like the second. Filthy hags! Why are you showing me this? A fourth! My eyes are bulging out of their sockets! Will this line stretch on forever? Another one! And a seventh! I don’t want to see any more. And yet an eighth appears, holding a mirror in which I see many more men. And some are carrying double balls and triple scepters, meaning they’re kings of more than one country ! Horrible sight! Now I see it is true, they are Banquo’s descendants. Banquo, with his blood-clotted hair, is smiling at me and pointing to them as his. Pg 87 She should have died hereafter. There would have been a time for such a word. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. To the last syllable of recorded time,. And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. She would have died later anyway. That news was bound to come someday. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow. The days creep slowly along until the end of time. And every day that’s already happened has taken fools that much closer to their deaths. Out, out, brief candle. Life is nothing more than an illusion. It’s like a poor actor who struts and worries for his hour on the stage and then is never heard from again. Life is a story told by an idiot, full of noise and emotional disturbance but devoid of meaning. Pg 87 I begin to be aweary of the sun, And wish the estate of the world were now undone.— Ring the alarum-bell!—Blow, wind! Come, wrack! At least we’ll die with harness on our back. Of all men else I have avoided thee. But get thee back. My soul is too much charged With blood of thine already. I’m starting to grow tired of living, and I’d like to see the world plunged into chaos. Ring the alarms! Blow, wind! Come, ruin! At least we’ll die with our armor on. You are the only man I have avoided. But go away now. I’m already guilty of killing your whole family. Pg 88 I will not yield, To kiss the ground before young Malcolm’s feet, And to be baited with the rabble’s curse. Though Birnam Wood be come to Dunsinane, And thou opposed, being of no woman born, Yet I will try the last. Before my body I throw my warlike shield. Lay on, Macduff, And damned be him that first cries, “Hold, enough!” I’m not going to surrender and have to kiss the ground in front of Malcolm, or be taunted by the common people. Even though Birnam Wood really did come to Dunsinane, and I’m fighting a man not of woman born, I’ll fight to the end. I’ll put up my shield and battle you. Come on, let’s go at it, Macduff, and damn the first man who cries, 'Stop! Enough!' Pg 90: Understanding the Selection 1. What prophecies did the witches make at the beginning of the play? • Macbeth would become Thank of Cawdor and King. Banquo would be father of a king. 2. What act clears the way for Macbeth to become King of Scotland? • Macbeth murders King Duncan 3. Who eventually killed Macbeth? Why? • Macduff kills Macbeth to revenge the death of his family and King Duncan. 4. How was Macbeth character honorable and how was it flawed? • Macbeth was a loyal and valiant in the beginning. His ambition was a flaw and he was easily influenced by his Lady Macbeth. 5. What do you think is the meaning of the voice Macbeth imagines he hears? His own guilty conscience will not let him rest. 6. What do you thing Banquo's ghost represents? Macbeth’s conscience. 7. What does the “spot” on Lady Macbeth’s hand represent? Duncan’s blood. 8. Varies 9. Varies 10. Varies Pg 91 Think about Conflict 1. What actions justify calling Macbeth a hero at the beginning of the play? Macbeth was responsible for saving the kingdom and the King from the rebels. He was a brave knight. 2. How would you describe Macbeth’s internal conflicts? Macbeth was torn between loyalty, honor and his desire to be a king. 4. How does Macbeth’s flaw bring about his downfall? He let his ambition overpower his sense of honor 5. When does Macbeth realize his errors? Why is it too late? Macbeth realizes his errors when he sees soldiers camouflaged with branches marching on his castle. His forces are outnumbered. Writing Assignment Background Information: The witches prophesized that Banquo would one day be father of a king. Banguo’s son Fleance was a threat to Macbeth. He sent murderers to kill both father and son, but they succeeded in killing only Banquo. Fleance escaped. Write another scene to the play explaining what happened to Fleance. Step 1. Write a list of events that might have happened to Fleance. Include: details of how he escaped, who might have helped him, where he went, and what he did. You decide whether or not he became a king. Step 2. Write your list to write your scene. Explain what happened to Fleance. Did he become a king? Choose your characters. Make the dialogue intriguing. Step 3. Read your scene aloud. Add details to make the story come alive!! Step 4. Proofread your writing.