Download taxonomy part 1

Classification/Taxonomy
Chapter 18
Why Classify?
To study the diversity of life, biologists use a
classification system to name organisms &
group them in a logical manner.
Taxonomy
Discipline of classifying organisms and
assigning each organism a
universally accepted name.
Defined:
In other words, naming things.
Why common names don’t work
Common names vary among languages.
Example:
United Kingdom – Buzzard refers to a hawk
United States – Buzzard refers to a vulture
Red-tailed Hawk
Honey Buzzard
Turkey Vulture
Aristotle 384 BC
• Classified organisms as
either plants or animals
5
Carolus Linnaeus
• (1707 – 1778)
• Created the system of naming we use today.
• In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is
called a taxonomic category or taxon.
•
•
•
•
Binomial Nomenclature
“Bi” means 2
“nomial” means number
“Nomen” means name
“Clature” means the system of
Defined:
In binomial nomenclature, each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name.
Binomial Nomenclature
• Carolus Linnaeus
• In binomial nomenclature, each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name.
– The scientific name is always written in italics or
underlined.
– The first word (the genus) is capitalized
– The second word (the species) is lowercased.
EX- Genus species or Genus species
Humans- Homo sapien
8
Example of Binomial Nomenclature
• Polar Bear is Ursus maritimus
• Ursus: genus
Ursus contains 5 other kinds of bears
• maritimus: species
The Latin word, maritimus, refers to the sea.
Polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea.
Linnaeus's System of Classification
• A group or level of
organization is called a
taxonomic category, or
taxon
• Linnaeus had 7Kingdom “King
Phylum
Phillip
Class
Came
Order
Over
Family
For
Genus
Great
Species
Spaghetti”
10
Definitions to know
• Genus: is a group of closely related species
• Species: Group of similar organisms that can
breed and produce fertile offspring
• Family: Group of genera that share many
characteristics
• Order: Group of similar families
• Class: Group of similar orders
• Phylum: Group of closely related classes
• Kingdom: Largest taxonomic group,
consisting of closely related
Here We Go…
Polar Bear
Species: maritimus
Genus: Ursus
Family: Ursidae
Order: Carnivora
Class: Mammalia
Phylum: Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia
What do these mean?...lets see
What they mean
*Do NOT have to write*
Species: maritimus (lives in marine environment)
Genus: Ursus (kind of bear)
Family: Ursidae (larger category of bears)
Order: Carnivora (meat-eating animals)
Class: Mammalia (warm-blooded, hair, & milk)
Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates)
Kingdom: Animalia (there are 6 kingdoms)
How to remember:
King Phillip Came Over For Green Salad
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Rules of the Game
Uniqueness: Every name has to be unique.
Universality: Zoologists have adopted, by international
agreement, a single language to be used on a worldwide
basis. All animals are given a generic (common name) and
specific name in Latin (scientific name).
These names are in italics or are underlined
(i.e. Homo sapiens).
Visuals
18
Checkpoint Questions:
1. How are living things organized for study?
2. Describe the system for naming species that
Linnaeus developed.
3. What are the seven taxonomic categories of
Linnaeus’s classification system?
4. Why do scientists avoid using common
names when discussing organisms?
5. What is significant about members of the
same species?
19