Download CMM_2 - USAID LEAF

Section 2. Forest carbon stocks
and change
2.2. Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry
(LULUCF) and CO2 emissions and sequestration
USAID LEAF
Regional Climate Change Curriculum Development
Module: Carbon Measurement and Monitoring (CMM)
Name
Affiliation
Name
Affiliation
Deborah Lawrence, Co-lead
University of Virginia
Megan McGroddy, Co-lead
University of Virginia
Bui The Doi, Co-lead
Vietnam Forestry University
Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Prasit Wang, Co-lead
Chiang Mai University,
Thailand
Mohd Nizam Said
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Sapit Diloksumpun
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Pimonrat Tiansawat
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Pasuta Sunthornhao
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Panitnard Tunjai
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Wathinee Suanpaga
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Lawong Balun
University of Papua New Guinea
Jessada Phattralerphong
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Mex Memisang Peki
PNG University of Technology
Pham Minh Toai
Vietnam Forestry University
Kim Soben
Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Nguyen The Dzung
Vietnam Forestry University
Pheng Sokline
Royal University of Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
Nguyen Hai Hoa
Vietnam Forestry University
Seak Sophat
Royal University of Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
Le Xuan Truong
Vietnam Forestry University
Choeun Kimseng
Royal University of Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
Phan Thi Quynh Nga
Vinh University, Vietnam
Rajendra Shrestha
Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Erin Swails
Winrock International
Ismail Parlan
FRIM Malaysia
Sarah Walker
Winrock International
Nur Hajar Zamah Shari
FRIM Malaysia
Sandra Brown
Winrock International
Samsudin Musa
FRIM Malaysia
Karen Vandecar
US Forest Service
Ly Thi Minh Hai
USAID LEAF Vietnam
Geoffrey Blate
US Forest Service
David Ganz
USAID LEAF Bangkok
Chi Pham
USAID LEAF Bangkok
I
II
III
OVERVIEW: CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOREST CARBON
1.1
Overview: Tropical Forests and Climate Change
1.2
Tropical forests, the global carbon cycle and climate change
1.3
Role of forest carbon and forests in global climate negotiations
1.4
Theoretical and practical challenges for forest-based climate mitigation
FOREST CARBON STOCKS AND CHANGE
2.1
Overview of forest carbon pools (stocks)
2.2
Land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) and CO2 emissions and sequestration
2.3
Overview of Forest Carbon Measurement and Monitoring
2.4
IPCC approach for carbon measurement and monitoring
2.5
Reference levels – Monitoring against a baseline (forest area, forest emissions)
2.6
Establishing Lam Dong’s Reference Level for Provincial REDD+ Action Plan : A Case Study
CARBON MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING DESIGN
3.1
IV
V
Considerations in developing a monitoring system
CARBON STOCK MEASUREMENT METHODS
4.1
Forest Carbon Measurement and Monitoring
4.2
Design of field sampling framework for carbon stock inventory
4.3
Plot Design for Carbon Stock Inventory
4.4
Forest Carbon Field Measurement Methods
4.5
Carbon Stock Calculations and Available Tools
4.6
Creating Activity Data and Emission Factors
4.7
Carbon Emission from Selective Logging
4.8
Monitoring non-CO2 GHGs
NATIONAL SCALE MONITORING SYSTEMS
2.1 Overview of forest carbon pools
2.2 Land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) and CO2
emissions and sequestration
2.3 Forest Carbon Measurement and Monitoring
2.4 IPCC approach for carbon measurement and monitoring
By the end of the session, learners will be able to:

Link LULUCF to carbon emission/sequestration

Characterize role of anthropogenic perturbations to the
global carbon cycle

Compare regional and country specific patterns in
forest cover and land use cover change

Identify drivers of deforestation and forest degradation
Lecture (50 minutes)

Global carbon cycle and anthropogenic perturbation

LULUCF and CO2 emissions and sequestration


Change in forest area caused by LUC

Change in forest C stocks within an area
(forest degradation)
Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: Class exercises
Two class exercises (40 minutes)
References and resources

Website, reports
Time

2 periods (50 minutes each)
Source: Le Quéré et al. (2012); Global Carbon Project (2012)
46%
90%
Atmospheric growth
(4.3 ±0 .1 PgC/yr)
Fossil fuels and cement
(8.3 ± 0.4 PgC/yr)
+
28%
Land sink (2.6 ± 0.8 PgC/yr)
10%
26%
Land-use change
(1.0 ± 0.5 PgC/yr)
Sources: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
Ocean sink (2.5 ± 0.5 PgC/yr)
Decreasing forest area
Increasing forest area
Peat fires
A general decrease in emissions since 1990
Black line: Includes management-climate interactions;
Thin line: Previous estimate
Source: Global Carbon Project (2012)
Review: Land use VS Land cover
Land Cover
Land use VS
Land cover?
Using the FAO Charts have students answer the following
two questions

Which region has the largest forest cover in the world?

Which region has the least forest cover in the world?
Source: FAO (2010)
Forest area
5%
17%
21%
15%
17%
25%
Africa
Asia
Europe
N & C America
S America
Oceania
Source: Data from FAO (2010)
Ten countries with the largest forest area
Russia
Others
Brazil
Source: Data from FAO (2010)
Deforestation

Objective:

To identify the difference in deforestation rate in different
regions

Activity

Rank the regions listed on the following slide from highest
to lowest rate of deforestation for the period 2000-2010

Let a representative of each group present and share their
result (10 minutes)
Number & rank the highest rates to lowest rates for each region
2000 - 2010
a. Africa
b. Asia
c. Oceania
d. South America
e. North and Central America
f.
Europe
Source: FAO (2010)
Source: FAO (2010)
Deforestation and forest degradation

Objective:



To identify and prioritize drivers of deforestation and forest
degradation in SEA
Activity:

Prioritize 3 key drivers of deforestation in SEA

Prioritize 3 key drivers of forest degradation in SEA,
Present the group’s result
Time:

30 minutes
 DEFORESTATION
 FOREST DEGRADATION
 Agriculture (commercial)
 Agriculture
(local/subsistence)
 Infrastructure
 Mining
 Urban expansion




Timber logging
Fuel wood charcoal
Uncontrolled fires
Livestock grazing in forests

Human activity has a small but significant impact on the global
carbon cycle

Deforestation and land use change currently account for
approximately 10% of the human perturbation of the global
carbon cycle

Agriculture is the major driver of deforestation in all three
tropical regions while logging is the major driver of forest
degradation.
Lessons learnt: Identifying key drivers of deforestation & forest
degradation could better protect/manage forests, thus reducing
CO2 Emissions and increasing Carbon sequestration.

FAO. 2010. Forest Genetic Resources Assessment 2010: Main Report. Food and
Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Rome.

FAO. 2012. Community Guidelines for Accessing Forestry Voluntary Carbon
Markets. RAP Publication 2012/16. Food and Agriculture Organization of The
United Nations, Rome.

Trumper, K., Bertzky, M., Dickson, B., van der Heijden, G.,Jenkins, M., Manning, P.
June 2009. The Natural Fix? The Role of Ecosystems in Climate Mitigation. A UNEP
Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme,
UNEPWCMC, Cambridge.

Le Quéré, C., R. Andres, T. Boden, T. Conway, R. Houghton, J. House, G. Marland, G.
Peters, G. van der Werf, A. Ahlström, R. Andrew, L. Bopp, J. Canadell, P. Ciais, S.
Doney, C. Enright, P. Friedlingstein, C. Huntingford, A. Jain, C. Jourdain, E. Kato, R.
Keeling, K. Klein Goldewijk, S. Levis, P. Levy, M. Lomas, B. Poulter, M. Raupach, J.
Schwinger, S. Sitch, B. Stocker, N. Viovy, S. Zaehle and N. Zeng (2012), “The Global
Carbon Budget 1959–2011”, Earth System Science Data Discussions (in review),
http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/5/1107/2012, DOI:10.5194/essdd-51107-2012

Global Carbon Budget. 2012. Carbon Budget 2012: An Annual Updates of Global
Carbon Budget and Trends. Available Source:
http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/index.htm.

Kissinger, G., M. Herold, V. De Sy. Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation:
A Synthesis Report for REDD+ Policymakers. Lexeme Consulting, Vancouver.

GRID-Arendal website: http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/naturalfix/page/3724.aspx

Earthlabs website: http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/naturalfix/page/3724.aspx