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Movement Analysis Detailed analysis of movement is a complex activity requiring sophisticated equipment. However, basic analysis of movement can be done visually and should involve the following: A description of the actual movements which occur at the joints involved The plane(s) in which the movement occurs The muscles producing the movement The function of the muscles involved (agonists, antagonists, synergists & fixators) The type of contraction (isotonic -concentric or eccentric, isometric) The range of the muscle action (inner, middle, outer) Analysis of Sprinting The leg action in running is one that takes place in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints. The bones of the hip involved are the femur and pelvic girdle which form a ball and socket joint. The bones of the knee involved are the femur and tibia which form a hinge joint. The bones of the ankle involved are the tibia and calcaneus which form a modified joint. Each of these joints produces two actions, one when the leg is in contact with the ground (driving phase) and one when the leg is not in contact with the ground (recovery phase). Driving Phase Joints involved Action Hip Extension and hyperextension Knee Extension Ankle Plantar flexion Agonist Muscle Gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus) and Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus) Quadriceps group of muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedialis) Gastrocnemius Recovery phase Joints involved Action Hip Flexion Iliopsoas Knee Flexion Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus) Ankle Dorsi flexion Agonist Muscle Tibialis anterior Analysis of Throwing Throwing comprises of two phases, the preparatory phase and the throwing phase. Most actions are rotational in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis and the two joints primarily involved are the elbow and shoulder. The elbow is a hinge joint formed by the humerus and ulna. The shoulder is a ball and socket joint formed between the humerus and the scapula. Note: The javelin is incorrectly held. See the Javelin section for more details. Preparatory phase Joints involved Articulating bones Shoulder Elbow Humerus and scapula Action Agonist Muscle Horizontal Posterior deltoids and latissimus hyperextension dorsi Humerus and ulna Extension Triceps brachii Throwing phase Joints involved Articulating bones Shoulder Elbow Humerus and scapula Action Horizontal flexion Humerus and ulna Flexion Agonist Muscle Anterior deltoids and Pectoralis major Biceps brachii Analysis of racket strokes There are two phases to striking a ball with a racket, the preparatory phase and the striking phase. Most actions are rotational in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis and the three joints concerned are the wrist, elbow and the shoulder The elbow is a hinge joint formed by the humerus and ulna. The shoulder is a ball and socket joint formed between the humerus and the scapula The wrist forms a condyloid joint between the ulna and carpal bones Preparatory Phase Joints involved Articulating bones Action Agonist Muscle Wrist Ulna and carpal Radius and ulna Supination Supinator Elbow Humerus and ulna Extension Triceps brachii Humerus and scapula Horizontal hyperextension Posterior deltoid and latissimus dorsi Shoulder Striking Phase Joints involved Articulating bones Action Agonist Muscle Wrist Ulna and carpal Radius and ulna Pronation Pronator teres Elbow Humerus and ulna Flexion Biceps brachii Shoulder Humerus and scapula Trunk Horizontal flexion Pectoralis major and Anterior deltoid Rotation External obliques Analysis of jumping The action in jumping is one that takes place in a sagittal plane about a transverse axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints. The bones of the hip involved are the femur and pelvic girdle which form a ball and socket joint. The bones of the knee involved are the femur and tibia which form a hinge joint. The bones of the ankle involved are the tibia and calcaneus which form a modified joint. Joints involved Action Hip> Extension and hyperextension Knee Extension Ankle Plantar flexion Agonist Muscle Gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus) and Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus) Quadriceps group of muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedialis) Gastrocnemius Analysis of Kicking The action in kicking is one that takes place in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints. The bones of the hip involved are the femur and pelvic girdle which form a ball and socket joint. The bones of the knee involved are the femur and tibia which form a hinge joint. The bones of the ankle involved are the tibia and calcaneus which form a modified joint. Kicking comprises of two phases, the preparatory phase and the kicking phase. Preparatory Phase Joints involved Action Hip Extension and hyperextension Knee Flexion Ankle Plantar flexion Agonist Muscle Gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus) Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus) Gastrocnemius Kicking phase Joints involved Action Agonist Muscle Hip Flexion Knee Extension Ankle Plantar flexion Iliopsoas Quadriceps group of muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedialis) Gastrocnemius Page Reference The reference for this page is: MACKENZIE, B. (2007) Movement Analysis [WWW] Available from: http://www.brianmac.co.uk/moveanal.htm [Accessed13/8/2013]
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