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Rhino poaching in Kruger National Park: Successes, Challenges and Pitfalls X.N. Funda 13th September 2016 Presentation to the Republic of South Africa’s parliament CONTEXT! CPZ • 2,000,000ha • 1000 km boundary • International Borders • Lebombo Mountain Range • 1.7million annual tourists JPZ • 15,000 Elephant • 8,000 Rhino • Millions of hectares of Alliances • Some 30 desperate Poachers – today! IPZ CPZ – COMPOSITE PROTECTION ZONE JPZ – JOINT PROTECTION ZONE IPZ - Intensive Protection Zone Mozambican Lebombo Concessions Nkomazi Interest Group Seismic Cable Rapid Response Rangers Protection Services Air Wing Special Rangers SA MOZ Mozambique Lebombo Concessions Limpopo National Park Nkomazi Interest Group Greater Kruger Environmental Protection Alliance Field Rangers MISSION AREA JOINT OPERATIONS JOINT OPERATIONS CENTRE SAPS SANDF Integrated Planning National Crime Coordination • National Priority Committee on Wildlife Crime • Composition provincial authorities representatives, DEA, SANParks, Private Rhino Owners, co-opt private security industry representatives • In addition to SSA, SANDF, SAPS, SARS, Justice and Home Affairs • National coordination to provinces; this include the following: • • • • Human resources (Inspectorate) Mobilisation of finance Technical and technological capabilities Information and data analysis and management • Dedicated National Coordinator Rhino Poaching in Kruger National Park 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Collaborations TECHNOLOGY IN THE IPZ Mozambican Lebombo Concessions Nkomazi Interest Group Seismic Cable Rapid Response Rangers Willing, capable and committed rangers What is our effort? Challenges and their mitigations • Expected role of South Africa to in the Greater Limpopo Trans-frontier Conservation areas. • Rhino and Rhino orphans increase • Different doctrines from security Cluster to be managed • Poaching is about people; Ranger Wellness is important • Arresting our own: the role of traitors • The campaign is continually demand more resources • Managing the hotspots in park is important for both tourism and conservation. Pitfalls • Poachers shooting at our helicopters • Ranger shot in the arm • Communication and messaging • Sharing information and lessons learned with public and private sectors • Balancing conservation of biodiversity and rhino and elephant poaching • Drought surprises e.g. rare sightings and possible poaching • Vulture poisoning disasters in the north of the park Conclusion • The rhino protection campaign is strong on addressing the supply side • Demand management is difficult to measure, and hence is hard to address it. • Poaching is an ecological, security, economic and social problem • The security cluster is working to address ecological problem • We need to mobilise social cluster to address economic and social problems. • The main drivers of poaching are: • Human beings (greed, culture and basic needs) • Machines (e.g. firearms) and • money Thank you;
