Download Earth Science Chapter 2 Study Guide

Earth Science Chapter 2 Study Guide
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1. Know the definitions of the vocabulary words listed on pg. 48 in textbook.
a. crust- The thinnest uppermost layer of the Earth
b. mantle- layer just below the Earth’s crust
c. lithosphere- solid upper mantle and crust combined that form a rigid shell
d. core – The innermost of Earth’s layers, extending to the center of the Earth
e. plate tectonics – The idea of giant plates of rock moving slowly across
Earth’s surface
f. fossil- physical remains or trace of a plant or animal that lived long ago
g. faults- Cracks in Earth’s crust along which movement takes place
h. seismic waves- Shock waves of energy sent out at the crust shakes
i. earthquake- a violent shaking of Earth’s crust
j. focus- the point underground where the faulting occurs
k. epicenter- The point on the surface directly above the focus of an
earthquake
l. magma- Melted rock below Earth’s surface
m. Fold mountains – where two plates collide and force layers of rock into
folds
n. Fault-block mountains - mountains formed when blocks move in several
ways along one or more faults
o. Dome mountains – mountains formed when magma rises toward the
surface but doesn’t break through the crust
2. What evidence suggests that Earth is hot inside?
Geysers, hot springs, volcanoes, seismic wave
3. What are the four layers of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
4. Which layer of the Earth is liquid?
Outer core
5. What are converging boundaries?
Two plates that move toward each other. One plate may go under the other plate.
(subduction)
6. What are diverging boundaries?
Two plates that move away from each other. Molten rock fills in the gap creating
new crust.
7. What are sliding boundaries?
Two plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions.
8. What evidence is there that plates have been moving?
The same fossils buried on opposite sides of an ocean. Fossils of tropical plants
and animals have been found in Polar Regions. Fossils of salt-water fish have
been found far from oceans.
9. What instrument is used to measure vibrations of Earth’s crust?
Seismograph
10. What scale is used in measuring the size or magnitude of the Earth’s
vibrations?
Richter scale
11. After a volcano erupts, what usually happens to the shape of its top?
It collapses into a bowl-shaped mouth called a crater.
12. What is the Ring of Fire?
An area of numerous earthquakes and volcanoes that borders the Pacific Ocean
13. What is ejected from a volcanic eruption?
Melted rock, hot gases, rock fragments, ash, lava
14. Where do most mountains form?
At plate boundaries-This is a constructive force.