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Transcript
Chapter 12 Section 2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication Biology pgs. 267-269 Objectives Summarize ____________________the events of DNA replication Relate _____________the DNA molecule to chromosome structure In prokaryotic cells, DNA is located in the____________________. cytoplasm Most prokaryotes have a single DNA molecule containing nearly all of the cell’s genetic information. Chromosome Structure Eukaryotic chromosomes contain DNA and protein, tightly packed together to chromatin form_________________. Chromatin consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins histones called______________. DNA and Chromosomes Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure Chromosome Nucleosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall DNA Replication Each strand of the DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the base pairing. mechanism of_______________ The sites where separation and replication occur are called replication forks. Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a process replication called____________________. Replication ensures that each resulting cell will have a complete set of DNA. During DNA replication, the DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template ____________________for the new strand. New Strand DNA Replication Original strand Nitrogen Bases Growth Growth Replication Fork Replication Fork DNA Polymerase Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall How Replication Occurs DNA replication is carried out by “unzip” enzymes that _____________a molecule of DNA. Hydrogen bonds between base pairs are broken and the two strands of unwind. DNA____________ The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule and then “proofreads” each new DNA strand.