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Chapter 20
Tobacco
Chapter 20.1 Vocabulary
• Addictive drug – a substance that causes
physiological or psychological
dependence
• Nicotine – the addictive drug found in
tobacco leaves
• Stimulate – a drug that increases the
action of the central nervous system, the
heart, and other organs
• Carcinogen – a cancer-causing substance
20.1 Vocabulary
• Tar – a thick, sticky, dark fluid
produced when tobacco burns
• Carbon monoxide – A colorless,
odorless and poisonous gas released
by burning tobacco
• Smokeless tobacco – tobacco that is
sniffed through the nose, held in the
mouth, or chewed
• Leukoplakia – thickened white,
leathery-looking spots on the inside of
the mouth that can develop into oral
cancer
Chapter 20.2 Vocabulary
• Nicotine Withdrawal – the process that
occurs in the body when nicotine, and
addictive drug, is no longer used
• Nicotine substitutes – products that deliver
small amounts of nicotine into the user’s
system while he or she is trying to give up
the tobacco habit
• Tobacco cessation program – a course
that provides information and help to
people who want to stop using tobacco
Chapter 20.3 Vocabulary
• Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) –
secondhand smoke, is air that has
been contaminated by tobacco smoke
• Mainstream smoke – smoke exhaled
from the lungs of a smoker
• Sidestream smoke – the smoke from
the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or
cigar
• Healthy People – a nationwide health
promotion and disease prevention plan
designed to serve as a guide for
improving the health of all people in the
United States
Warm Up – Reasons people start and quit
using tobacco
Start
Quit
Reason 1
Reason 1
Reason 2
Reason 2
Reason 3
Reason 3
Reason 4
Reason 4
Warmup
Consequence
Consequences
Tobacco
Use
Consequences
Consequences
Warm Up
• Get with your groups and talk out any thing
that your group needs
Warm-up
• What are some harmful effects of smoking
tobacco products or consequences to
using tobacco products? Think of effects
other than lung cancer.
Warm-up
• What is your “Truth” concerning
tobacco? Think of the
commercials that you have
seen concerning tobacco. If you
could create a commercial what
would it be?
Warm up
• List some short-term effects of tobacco
use and some long-term effects of tobacco
use
Short term effects
Long term effects
Tobacco: Hazardous and Addictive
Communicating Effectively: Communicating with Smokers
• To protect themselves from cigarette smoke, nonsmokers need to
learn how to communicate effectively with smokers about
maintaining a smoke-free environment. How would you respond to
each of the following situations?
• Lara was walking down the hall at school when she caught a
whiff of cigarette smoke. She followed the smell and saw a
younger student snuffing out a cigarette inside her locker. What
would you do if you were Lara and why?
• Juan drove up to a self-service gas station and noticed that the
woman at the pump next to him was smoking as she pumped gas
into her car. What would you do if you were Juan? Why?
• Cheryl’s aunt is in the hospital recovering from kidney surgery.
While Cheryl is visiting, her aunt’s hospital roommate lights up
a cigarette. Cheryl doesn’t think smoking is permitted in her
aunt’s room, and she knows smoke makes her aunt
uncomfortable. What would you do if you were Cheryl?
20.1 The Health Risks of Tobacco Use
• Illnesses caused by smoking kill 434,000
Americans every year
• Cigarette smoking is considered the most
avoidable cause of death in the US
• The death rate from heart disease is 70%
higher for smokers than for non-smokers and
over 80% of lung cancer cases are caused by
smoking
• Tobacco smoke also creates a health hazard
for all those around the smoker who rely on
the same air supply
• About 90% of adult smokers started as
teenagers
20.1 Health Risks of Tobacco Use
• Tobacco contains more than 4,000 chemicals and
more than 401 are poisonous
• Three of the most poisonous chemicals in tobacco
smoke are tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide
• Nicotine the psychoactive chemical in tobacco
• Nicotine is very addictive
• Nicotine is a stimulant
• If a person quits smoking he will go through
physical withdrawal. Those symptoms include
• Irritability, headache, restlessness, and anxiety
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlcIKekEldg
20.1 The Effect of Nicotine
• When a person smokes the nicotine travels to
the brain through the bloodstream
• The effects of nicotine include: increased heart
beat, increased blood pressure, feel more alert
and energetic
• Effects on the brain – restricts oxygen flow and
cause a narrowing of the blood vessels in the
brain
• Effects on the lungs – introduces cancercausing agents directly to lung tissue
• Effects on the heart – increases heart rate and
blood pressure and constricts the blood vessels
• Effects on the bladder – cancer of the bladder
• Effects on the stomach – cause ulcers
20.1 Health Risks of Tobacco Use
• Poisonous Substances in Tobacco Smoke
• Tobacco is a carcinogen or a cancer causing
substance
• Tar – when these tiny particles enter the lungs, they
condense and form a sticky coating on the bronchial tubes
• Bronchial tubes are lined with cilia, which beat back and
sweep away agents that cause disease
• When cilia is damaged they can’t do their job, so they
can’t fight off respiratory diseases
• Tar damages air sacs, which absorb oxygen and rid the
body of carbon dioxide
20.1 Health Risks of Tobacco Use
• Carbon Monoxide – An extremely dangerous
gas released when a cigarette is burned
• Absorbed more easily than oxygen
• Deprives the body’s tissue and cells of
oxygen
• Increase the risk of high blood pressure,
heart disease, hardening of the arteries,
and other circulatory problems
• Carbon monoxide interferes with the
blood’s ability to carry oxygen
• Causes problems breathing
20.1 Pipes, Cigars, and Smokeless Tobacco
• Cigars contain significantly more nicotine
and produce more tar and carbon
monoxide than cigarettes
• One cigar contain as much nicotine as
an entire pack of 20 cigarettes
• Smokeless tobacco comes in two forms
which are chewing tobacco and snuff
• Both are chewed then mix with saliva
and are absorbed into the bloodstream
• Once in the bloodstream the nicotine
travels to the brain
• Both cause cancer of the mouth
and throat, larynx, esophagus,
stomach, and pancreas
• Chewing tobacco can also lead
to cancer of the tongue, cheek,
and gums
20.1 Reasons Mothers Shouldn’t Smoke
• There is a greater risk of miscarriage
• The baby might be born too early
• The baby might have a low birth weight or other
serious health problems
• The baby might have a slow growth rate
• There is a greater risk of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS)
• There is a greater risk that the child will develop
a respiratory illness
• The baby might receive nicotine from the
mother’s milk
• The baby could develop learning difficulties
20.1 Harmful Effects of Tobacco Use
Short-Term Effects of Tobacco
Problem
Brain Chemistry Changes
Body crave more, so user may
experience withdrawal such as
headaches, nervousness, and
trembling as soon as 30 mins
after the last tobacco use
Respiration and heart rate
increase
Breathing during physical activity become
difficult and endurance is decreased. Nicotine
may cause an irregular heart rate
Taste buds are dulled and
appetite is reduced
Users often lose much of their ability to enjoy
food
Users have bad breath,
yellowed teeth, and smelly
hair, skin, and clothes
If use continues for any length of time, these
unattractive effects can become permanent
20.1 Harmful Effects of Tobacco Use
• Long-Term Effects
• People who smoke are at risk for
developing smoking-related diseases
• Lung Cancer – tobacco is a major
cause of several types of cancer
• One major type of cancer is
lung cancer
• Lung cancer is the most common
cause of cancer deaths for both
American men and women and the
2nd most common type of cancer for
both
• Nearly 90% of lung cancer deaths are
caused by smoking
• May cause hardened arteries,
cancer of the bladder, and tooth
decay
20.1 Harmful Effects of Tobacco Use
• Chronic bronchitis is a respiratory disease
• Chronic bronchitis occur when the cilia in the bronchi
become so damaged they are useless. Leads to build
up of tar in the lungs, causing chronic coughing and
excessive mucus secretion
• emphysema is a respiratory disease
• Emphysema is a disease that destroys the tiny air
sacs in the lungs; therefore, causes a person to be
short of breath. Person may need an oxygen tent
• Coronary heart disease and stroke is caused by nicotine.
It constricts the blood vessels, which cuts down blood
flow to the body’s limbs
• Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure, and
carbon monoxide makes the circulatory system work
very hard to deliver oxygen to the cells
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmFleeFj8F0
20.1 Other Consequences of Tobacco Use
• Cost to society
• Tobacco related illnesses cost the U.S
about $167 billion each year
• Productivity suffers when smokers call in
sick
• Cost to individuals
• A person smoking one pack of cigarettes a
day will spend about $3,561 a year on the
habit
• Legal consequences
• Selling tobacco products to individuals
under the age of 18 is illegal. Using tobacco
on school property may lead to suspension
or expulsion
Assignment: Persuasive Writing
Individual Work
• Considering what you already know
about tobacco use, write a letter
expressing your feelings to a close
friend or relative who has begun
using tobacco. Persuade the person
to stop using tobacco. Give them
several reasons that they should
quit. Give at least 4 reasons a
person should stop using tobacco.
Warm Up
• What are some benefits to
living tobacco or smoke
free?
Warm-up
Long Term
Tobacco
Use
Short
Term
Tobacco
Use
• Effects
• Effects
•
•
•
•
Effects
Effects
Effects
Effects
20.2 Choosing to Live Tobacco-Free
• The number of nonsmokers in the U.S.
including teens, is on the rise
• Why Some Teens Use Tobacco
• Some falsely believe that smoking will help
control their weight or cope with stress
• Influence by movies, TV, and
advertisements
• Media images portray tobacco use as
glamorous
• The truth is
• Smoking reduces the body’s capacity for
physical activity and the nicotine
dependency may increase the tobacco
users stress level
20.2 Reduced Tobacco Use Among Teens
• More teens are avoiding tobacco products
• CDC report that 89% of high school teens do
not smoke
• Tobacco legislation – in 1998 tobacco
companies and 46 states reached a legal
settlement that restricts tobacco advertising
aimed at young people
• No-smoking policies – limited smoking in public
places and businesses
• Family values – Teens whose parents avoid
tobacco use are more likely to avoid it
• Positive peer pressure – Teens who don’t
smoke act as healthy role models
• Health risks – More teens understand the risks
20.2 Benefits of Living Tobacco-Free
• Reasons Not to Use Tobacco
• Less stress
• Strategies for Avoiding Tobacco
• Surround yourself with positive influences. The influence of
friends can help you make the decision not to use tobacco
• Reduce peer pressure by staying away from situations
where tobacco may be used
• Using tobacco is an expensive, smelly, and an unattractive
habit
• Be prepared with refusal skills by practicing what you will
say if approached with tobacco
Four Good Reasons to Avoid Tobacco
1. It’s dangerous
2. It’s expensive
3. It leaves an unpleasant odor
4. It’s unattractive
20.2 Quitting Smoking
• Avoid smoking altogether and you won’t have to
worry about the health risks
• Reasons for quitting tobacco use
• Teens begin to have health problems, such as
asthma, coughing, or respiratory infections
• They realize the high cost of tobacco
• They realize that using tobacco can lead to other
risky behaviors such as the use of alcohol and
other drugs
• They understand the damaging effects of
secondhand smoke
• They feel more powerful because they are not
controlled by an addiction to nicotine
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVLtNgAhPRg
20.2 Getting Help to Quit Tobacco Use
• Strategies to help you quit
•
•
•
•
Set a quitting date
Decide your approach – “cold turkey” or gradually
Prepare your environment – throw away ashtrays
Get help if you need it
• Make sure your circle know what you are trying to do
so they can support you
• Contact the American Lung Association or the
American Cancer Society for information about
cessation programs designed for teens
• Enroll in a tobacco cessation program
• Replace tobacco use with healthy behaviors
•
•
•
•
Regular exercise
Take long walks
Sugarless gum
Good nutrition
20.3 Promoting a Smoke-Free Environment
• Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or
secondhand smoke is air contaminated by
tobacco smoke
• Mainstream smoke passes through the tobacco and
filter when the smoker inhales
• Side-stream smoke rises from the cigarette during the
time the smoker is not inhaling
• Almost 75% of the smoke that comes from a burning
cigarette is side-stream smoke
• Side-stream smoke enters the environment and
affects anybody who happens to be around
• A person who inhales the side-stream smoke of a
cigarette is a passive smoker
• Side-stream smoke contains twice as much
tar and nicotine, and three times as much
carbon monoxide as a mainstream smoke
20.3 Health Risks of Tobacco Smoke
• Health Risks to Nonsmokers
• Secondhand smoke causes about 3,000 deaths from
lung cancer every year
• ETS causes eye irritation, headaches, ear infections,
and coughing in people of all ages
• It worsens asthma and other respiratory problems
• Increases the risk of coronary disease
• Health Risks to Unborn Children and Infants
• Nicotine passes through the placenta, constricting the
blood vessels of the fetus
• Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels in the
blood of the mother and fetus
• Increase impaired fetal growth, spontaneous
miscarriage, and prenatal death, premature delivery,
low birth weight, deformities, and stillbirths
20.3 Health Risks of Tobacco Smoke
• Health Risks to Young Children
• Young children are sensitive to ETS
• Children of smokers tend to have a higher
incidence of sore throats, ear infections, and
upper respiratory problems
• Secondhand smoke can slow lung
development. Children who live with
smokers are more likely to have weaker
lungs
• Also children learn by example!
20.3 Reducing Your Risks
• Encourage family members to quit
• Establish smoke-free areas in the house
make a rule that smokers go outside
• Use air cleaners in the house
• Open windows to allow fresh air in
20.3 Creating a Smoke-Free Society
• In the US efforts to create a smoke-free
society continue to grow
• The health effects of tobacco use, and the
cost of health-related illnesses are some
reasons for this movement
• Advertisements aimed at young people
encourage them not to smoke
• Public service announcements encourage
parents not to smoke near children
20.3 Supporting National Health Goals
• One goal of Healthy People 2010 is to reduce
tobacco use and the number of tobacco-related
deaths
• States and local communities are trying to create
a smoke-free society
• Laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to minors
have been enacted
• States have sued tobacco companies to recover
the costs of treating tobacco-related illnesses and
used the money for anti-smoking campaigns
• According to the US Surgeon General the only
way to fully protect people from ETS is to prohibit
smoking in public places
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEI6wQu-4IY
20.3 Graph Test
• How many users of tobacco believe that
smokers have more friends than
nonsmokers?
Questions
• ????
Anti Smoking Commercial
• You all will make your own truth commercials.
Your commercial must show the effects of
smoking tobacco.
• You may use printer paper, do skits, make songs,
develop anything to promote a smoke free
environment.
• You must be clear that we are talking about
tobacco also that we advocate for healthy living
•
•
•
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bkZyBNnCvo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuh2w2sFRMI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXSpJXyoEZM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kKN8_aa38A
Assignment: Bulletin Boards about Smoking
• Cooperative Learning Cards
• You will be given a card and you will complete side A and B
of that card
• You and a partner will develop “Bulletin Boards”
presentations and Truth Commercials
• Read the directions on your card. You may use your smart
phones or one of the computers in the class to research
information on tobacco use and to look up pictures or ads to
add to your bulletin board.
• Your board, rap, song, commercial must include
• reasons a person should quit
• Images to encourage people to quit and to encourage a
healthy environment
• Health risks of smoking
• Be creative!
• Strategies to quit smoking and resources that can help
Web Activity: Handout
• Read the passage from the handout and
answer the questions on the back of your
handout. Following the 5 questions you
have a real life issue situation that you
should read and complete the written
assignment.