Download M01aaIntroduction(2011)

A widespread family of polymorphic
contact-dependent toxin delivery systems
in bacteria
Stephanie K. Aoki1, Elie J. Diner2, Claire t’Kint de Roodenbeke1,
Brandt R. Burgess1, Stephen J. Poole1, Bruce A. Braaten1,
Allison M. Jones1, Julia S. Webb1, Christopher S. Hayes1,2,
Peggy A. Cotter1,2*| & David A. Low1,2*
1Department
of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University
of California – Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625,
USA. 2Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of
California – Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625,
USA.
Nature 18 November 2010, 468 p439-442.
Contact-dependent
Inhibition systems
See also: Stephanie K. Aoki et al.
(2010). Nature 18 November, vol
468 p439-442.
Science 2 December 2010.
Dr. Felisa Wolfe-Simon
Mono lake, California
Hamonas sp. (halophilic Proteobacteria) bacteria with large vacuoles that
may sequester arsenic.
Vertical ‘walking’
Horizontal ‘crawling’
Science 8 October 2010, vol 330 p197.
Bacteriocytes in body cavity of aphids.
The symbiotic bacteria Buchnera are
located in specialized cells called
bacteriocytes (shown green in figure)
in the aphid body cavity. [Drawing by
Tomás Lazo]
FISH micrograph of sectioned black bean
aphid Aphis fabae hybridized with FITClabelled DNA probe specific to 16S rRNA
of Buchnera (green), with the DNA stain
DAPI (blue) as counterstain. [Micrograph
by Simon Chandler]
Buchnera
aphidicola
Regiella insecticola
Symbiotic Bacterium Modifies Aphid Body Color
Tsutomu Tsuchida,1*† Ryuichi Koga,2† Mitsuyo Horikawa,3 Tetsuto
Tsunoda,3 Takashi Maoka,4 Shogo Matsumoto,1 Jean-Christophe
Simon,5 Takema Fukatsu2*
Science 19 November 2010, 330 p1102-1104.
Science 3 September 2010, 329 p1197-1201.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenze, and
Neisseria meningitidis are human host-specific, specialized mucosal
colonizers that recognize and bind to human carcino-embryonic antigenrelated cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMd).
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae
CD105
TGFb
CEACAM
TGFbR
Mucosal cell
Inside-out signaling.
Activated
b1 Integrin
b1 Integrin
Extracellular
Matrix
24 h infection of vaginal
epithelium with N. gonorrhoeae
triggers exfoliation of
epithelium.
Bart Knols, medical
entomologist University of
Wageningen, the
Netherlands and 2006 Ig
Noble winner awarded the
Eijkman Medal 2007 for their
combined 20 years of
research into insects that
transfer tropical infectious
diseases, like malaria
Inoculation of Limburger cheese with Brevibacterium linens.
Bart Knols. University of
Wageningen
?
Methane production in anaerobic sludge.
Vaccine targets gut reaction to calm livestock wind.
Nature 13 May 2004, vol 429 p119.
Eurosurveillance, Volume 15, Issue 2, 14 January 2010
Rapid communications
An outbreak of infection with Bacillus anthracis in injecting
drug users in Scotland
C N Ramsay ()1, A Stirling2, J Smith2, G Hawkins1, T Brooks3, J Hood4, G Penrice2, L M
Browning1, S Ahmed2, on behalf of the NHS GGC2, on behalf of the Scottish National
Outbreak Control Teams1
January 14, 2010
14 cases, 7 died.
H2S + HNO3  H2SO4 + NH3
Thioploca chilae
Thiomargaritha namibiensis
Thioploca chilae microbial mat (continental shelf coast of Chile 132,000 km2)
Distribution
Tiomargaritha namibiensis
along coast of Namibie
E. coli O157
carbohydrates
Bifidobacterium
Acetate
Epithelial cells
Stx1/
Stx2
Enhanced growth of S. typhymurium in the gut
lumen and competitive advantage.
(1o electron donor)
Organics
2 S2O3= (4xS = +8)
2eS4O6= (4xS = +10)
(terminal electron
acceptor)
Salmonella
Microbiota
2H2S2O3
thiosulfate
H2S4O6
tetrathionate
H2S
Neutrophils
Salmonella-induced
inflammation
Intestinal epithelial cells
Nature 30 August 2012 vol. 488 p621-626.
Nature 18 July 2013 vol 499 p350-354.
Nature 18 July 2013 vol 499 p350-354.
Nature 2 April 2015 vol 520 p99-103.
Nature 2 April 2015 vol 520
p99-103.
Co-culture of Geobacter metalloreducens (green) and Geobacter
sulfurreducens (red).
Science 3 December 2010, 330 p1413-1415.
Endergonic
reaction
CH3CH2OH
H2
CH3CHO
H2
CH3COOH
2 H2 + 2 SO4=  2 H2S
Sulfate Reducers
2 H2 + 2 S  2 H2S
Sulfur Reducers
2 H2 + CO2  CH4 + H2O
Methanogens
CH3CH2OH  2 CO2 + H2O
Exergonic process
Ethanol
Succinate
pili
eAcetate
OmcS
Geobacter metallireducens
Fumarate
Geobacter sulfurreducens
Nature
April 13, 2006
P918.
An environmental bacterial taxon with a
large and distinct metabolic repertoire
Micheal C. Wilson, Tetsushi Mori, Christian Ruckert, Agustinus R. Uria, Maximilian
J. Helf, Kentaro Takada, Christine Gernert, Ursula A. E. Steffens, Nina Heycke,
Susanne Schmitt, Christian Rinke, Eric J. N. Helfrich, Alexander O. Brachmann,
Cristian Gurgui, Toshiyuki Wakimoto, Matthias Kracht, Max Crusemann, Ute
Hentschel, Ikuro Abe9, Shigeki Matsunaga, Jorn Kalinowski, Haruko Takeyama &
Jorn Piel.
Nature 6 February 2014 vol 506 p58-62.
Sponge: Theonella swinhoei
Endotheonella sp.
Mycorrhiza-mediated competition
between plants and decomposers drives
soil carbon storage
Colin Averill, Benjamin L. Turner & Adrien C. Finzi.
Nature 23 January 2014 vol 506 p543-545.
Bacterial Vesicles in Marine Ecosystems
Steven J. Biller, Florence Schubotz, Sara E.
Roggensack, Anne W. Thompson, Roger E.
Summons, Sallie W. Chisholm.
Science 10 January 2014 vol 343 p183-186.
Multipurpose vesicles.Biller et al. show that Prochlorococcus produce vesicles that may play
functional roles in defending against viral attack, interactions between heterotrophs and
Prochlorococcus, and horizontal gene transfer.
D Scanlan Science 2014;343:143-144
Published by AAAS