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Inheritance Notes Page 27 FYI • Practice summarizing! Do not copy word-for-word. • If you run out of space, do NOT go to the next page. Attach a piece of paper to page 27. Gregor Mendel • Called the “Father of Genetics” • Studied many different characteristics of pea plants • Examples: flower color and plant height • His experiments with pea plants helped us understand how traits are inherited • He thought there was “something” in each plant that controlled its traits • That “something” is known today as genes Genes • Every characteristic is controlled by 2 genes • 1 gene is from the mother • 1 gene is from the father Allele • An allele is a form of a gene • There are 2 possible forms • dominant or recessive • Capital letters represent dominant alleles (P, G, T) • Lowercase letters represent recessive alleles (p, g, t) Dominant vs. Recessive Genes • Dominant • An offspring that inherits one or more dominant genes will show the dominant trait. • Dominant genes will mask (cover up) a recessive gene. • Recessive • An offspring that inherits 1 recessive gene from 1 parent and 1 recessive gene from the other parent will have 2 recessive genes. This means that there is no dominant gene to mask the recessive trait in the offspring. Phenotype • Describes an organism’s physical appearance (what the trait looks like) • Example: blue eyes, purple flower, etc. Genotype • Two letters representing a gene pair • Examples: RR, Rr, or rr Homozygous Genotype • The prefix ‘homo’ means ‘same’ • Both alleles in a genotype are the same • Both are dominant OR both are recessive • Mendel’s parent generation plants were homozygous • GG = green peas • gg = yellow peas Homozygous Genotype Continued • Homozygous dominant • Both alleles are dominant • Example: GG • Homozygous recessive • Both alleles are recessive • Example: gg Heterozygous Genotype • The prefix ‘hetero’ means ‘different’ • The alleles in a genotype are different • One is dominant and one is recessive • Mendel’s F1 generation plants were heterozygous • Gg = green peas Ticket Out the Door • Now that you’re done with your notes, complete the Inheritance Notes Ticket Out the Door. • You may look back at any of these slides and/or your notes on page 27 to complete this assignment. • When you’re done, put it in the center of your table.
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