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Name: __________________ Atomic Structure: Unit 2 – The Atom Things you should know can be found on your Achievement Scale. How can a bunch of protons stay together in the nucleus? Two electrons will repel or attract. Strong Nuclear Force An electron and a proton will repel or attract. What are the neutrons in the nucleus for? For extra Strong Nuclear Force 1. Proton—c a. Particles with no charge that exists in the nucleus of most atoms. 1. Atomic Number- b a. Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 2. Neutron – a b. Center of the atom, contains most of the atom’s mass. 2. Molecule - e b. Number of protons in an atom; also the way the elements are numbered. 3. Electron—f c. Positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom. Determines the element. 3. Compound - d c. An atom with a different number of neutrons 4. Nucleus—b d. The smallest part of an element or molecule. Building block of all things. 5. Atom— d 8p 9n d. Two or more elements combined. e. Negative particles in the nucleus of the atom. 4. Mass Number -a f. Negatively charged particle that exists in the space around the nucleus. 5. Isotope - c 9p 9n e. Two or more atoms that are combined (can be same two atoms of same element). f. Number of electrons in an atom. Do any of the three atoms on the left represent the same element? A&C are both Oxygen 8p 8n Do any of the three atoms represent isotopes? A&C are isotopes of Oxygen Atom A Atom B Atom C Scientists and the Atomic Theory – Know about these scientists and their contributions to the present theory of the atom: 1. Dalton—f 2. Bohr—d 3. Democritus –c 4. Rutherford –a a. Did gold foil experiment which proved, in early 1900s, that atoms had a nucleus. b. Late 1800’s scientist found the electron. Proposed the Plum pudding or Raison Bread model of the atom. Who thought that there had to be a part of matter so small that it had to be indivisible? - Democritus c. Greek philosopher that named the smallest part of matter atoms ba s e d on a t h ou g h t e x p e r i m e n t . (atomos). d. Early-1900s scientist that hypothesized that electrons are in distinct orbits. e. Scientist that said that atoms can be 5. Thompson—b Who found that atoms are mostly empty space? Rutherford changed chemically. f. Worked with gases in 1808 and published theory that atoms were hard spheres. Who thought that atoms do not change when chemicals combine into compounds, they just change places. Dalton Who proposed the model of that atom that was like bread with raisins (electrons) stuck in it? - Thompson Who used light to figure out that atoms have distinct orbits? - Bohr How did the gold foil experiment show that there is a nucleus in the atom? When alpha particles bounced back from the gold foil that proved there was a solid center—the nucleus. Name: __________________ Unit 2 – The Atom Periodic Table – Be able to find this information from the periodic table: Element Name; Symbol; Atomic Mass; Atomic #. Given the mass number and name of an element be able to find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons. Be able to find an element by its group and period. number of full electron levels; electron level an atom has electrons in. Find this information for Nitrogen 15: Find this information for Lithium 7: Find this information for Chlorine 35: Symbol: N Symbol: Li Symbol: Cl Mass #: 15 Mass #: 7 Mass #: 35 Atomic #: 7 Atomic #: 3 Atomic #: 17 # of Neutrons: 8 # of Neutrons: 4 # of Neutrons: 18 # of Protons: 7 # of Protons: 3 # of Protons: 17 # of Electrons: 7 # of Electrons: 3 # of Electrons: 17 # of energy levels with electrons: 2 # of energy levels with electrons: 2 # of energy levels with electrons: 3 How many full electron levels does Sulfur have? Two sodium 23 How many full electron levels? 2 11p How many electron levels does this atom have with electrons in them? 3 How many electron levels does carbon have electrons in? Two (but only one is full) How many full electron levels does Krypton have? Four (Krypton completes level four) What group and period is Argon in? Find the # of electrons for the following Ion s: Group: 18 Li (+1): 2 ___ He(0): 2 _____ P (-2): 17 __ _ _ Ar (0): 18______ Cl (-1): 18 ____ Al(+2): 11 ___ C(+4): 2______ O (-2): 10 _____ What about Carbon? Group: 14 Light – Period: 3 (row 3) Period: 2 (row 2) Know that light comes from or is emitted by electrons changing from higher to lower energy levels. Know that light is taken in or is absorbed by electrons changing from lower to higher energy levels. Know that different elements give off different spectrums or colors of light. Know the order of the spectrum (ROYGBIV) and that the Violet side of the spectrum is higher in energy than the Red side. What did we do in class to show that different elements have different energy levels? Flame lab. For the following electron transitions, indicate whether the electron is absorbing energy (A) or emitting energy (E). 1. E _____ 2. E _____ 3. A _____ 4. A _____ Name: __________________ Unit 2 – The Atom