Download Macromolecules

Macromolecules
Introduction
• Macro = big
• Made of carbon molecules
• Monomer = small molecule (one part)
– Can make polymers
• Polymers = many parts
– Macromolecule
– monomer-monomer-monomer-monomer
Carbohydrates
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in ratio of 1:2:1
Subunits = Sugars
Used for quick energy
Molecular structure = rings or chains of rings
Carbohydrates
• Types:
– Monosaccharides = one
sugar (glucose)
– Disaccharides = two sugars
(sucrose)
– Polysaccharides = many
sugars (starch)
• Tests:
– Monosaccharides =
Benedict’s solution
– Starches = Iodine
Benedict’s Solution
Iodine Test
Proteins
• Subunits = amino acids
• Used for cell and tissue structure also for
speeding up chemical reactions (enzymes)
• SHAPE determines FUNCTION!!!!
• Insulin – lowers blood sugar
• Hemoglobin – carries oxygen in blood to cells
• Keratin – protein in hair
Proteins
• How are proteins made?
• Chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
– Polypeptide chain
• Chains fold into specific shapes
• Test:
– Biuret Solution
Lipids
• Subunit: fatty acids
• Fats and oils
• Used for long-term energy storage, insulation,
waxy coatings, cell membranes
• Molecular Structure:
– Long carbon chain with many hydrogen’s
Lipids
Liquid at room temperature
• Unsaturated = _________________________
Solid at room temperature
• Saturated = ___________________________
• Test:
– Brown paper bag
Nucleic Acids
• Subunit = nucleotide
• Used for storing and transferring genetic
material
– DNA & RNA
• Made of one or two strands of nucleotides