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Chapter 2 Origins of American Government Sections 2 & 3 American Independence and Articles of Confederation S American Indepence S Inspiration from French and Indian War S 1775 Second Continental Congress – Declaration of Independence S Rebellion for New Policies Road to Independence Early Attempts S S 1643:New England Confederation S Fights threats from Indians 1754-1763 French and Indian War S Inspiration S 1754-Iroquios Confederation S Plan of action S Albany Plan of Union-Ben Franklin S Control trade, raise armies, build settlements, equip fleets Growing Tensions S 1700’s S Colonies wanted less interference from the crown S 1760 S King George Tightens Control S Most were loyal S Parliament feared independence S Parliament places financial burdens on Colonies Events Leading to the American Revolution French Indian War 1754 S British The Stamp Act 1765 S S Fight French for Ohio River S Tax on Paper Goods Valley S Tax Colonies to Pay Debts from War S Colonists S Unites Colonies S Start War Effort British S Colonists S Boycott British Goods S Stamp Act Congress Colonist Protests S 1766: Stamp Act S Colonies Protested and Act Was Repealed, Organized Resistance S 1773: Boston Tea Party S Protest American tea trade given to one British company S 1774: Intolerable Acts S Ended all Forms of Self Rule in Massachusetts The Continental Congress Compromise First Continental Congress S Hoped for compromises S 1754: Demanded repeal of Intolerable Acts S VA and MA call for meeting of colonies in Philadelphia S 1775: Lexington and Concord-Clash between British and Colonist troops Second Continental Congress Common Sense of Democracy S 1775: Organized Army S Commander Washington S 1776:Argued Case for Break ron England S Revolutionary War Begins S Thomas Paine: Only Option The Declaration of Independence S Months after fighting started S June 7, 1776: Second Continental Congress proposed declaration S Approved July 2, 1776 S Thomas Jefferson- Main Author S “All men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain inherent rights”-Virginia Declaration of Rights S “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”-John Locke S July 4, 1776-Declaration of Independce Adopted by all Colonies State Constitutions Self-Government S S All established republican governments Voting rights varied S Male taxpayers S Property Qualifications Separation of Powers Limited Government S No unlimited power S Annual elections, term limits, separation of powers S Limited terms of Governors Individual Rights S Legislative, Executive, Judicial S Protect rights protect from govt. S States had power to govern S S Most legislatures had two houses S Some elected governors and judges 1780:MA wrote Bill of Rights S Trial by Jury S Freedom of Assembly S Free Speech Articles of Confederation S 1777: Second Continental Congress S Official plan for national government S Post-Revolutionary War S Conflicts led to problems between states First National Government Articles of Confederation S S S June 1776: Friendship among states June 12, 1777: Articles of Confederation Adopted Had to be Ratified Powers of the National Government A Delay in Ratification S Dispute over Western Land S Small States Fear Big States S Changes Made S Ratified in 1781 State Powers S Created Weak, no Court System S S One-house Congress S New States S Disputes S Coin Money States Took All Specific Powers not Granted to Congress S Collect Taxes S Enforce Laws Congress Under the Articles of Confederation The Powers of Congress The Limits on Congress S Coin and borrow money S No president or executive branch S Admit new states S No national court system S Request money from states S No power to tax or raise national funds S Raise army S S Appoint military officers No power to regulate trade or currency S Declare war S No power to prohibit states from conducting foreign affairs S Foreign Affairs S Needed 9 states to pass laws Pressures for Stronger Government Northwest Ordinance Dangers and Unrest S Planned to settle NW Territory S War Debts!!!!!!! S Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota, and Wisconsin S 1783: Congress couldn’t approve tax on imports S Created system for admitting new states, banned slavery, included Bill of Rights S Postwar depression S States pursue own interests Pressures for Stronger Government Calls to Revise the Articles Shay’s Rebellion S MA Farmers protesting against losing land S March 1785: VA and MD representatives go to Washington S Captain Daniel Shay led attacks S Regulating commerce between states S 2,5000 people S S Showed weaknesses of Congress February 1787: Madison persuades Congress to endorse meeting for revisions S May 1787: Meet in PA New England Confederation Confederation of colonies to defend against Native Americans and nearby Dutch Colonies Iroquois Confederation Powerful alliance of six Native American nations Albany Plan of Union Plan, by Ben Franklin, that called for a council of representatives appointed by the colonial assemblies and a president general appointed by the king Stamp Act First attempt by British to tax Americans on all paper goods First Continental Congress First general meeting of colonies that sent King George III Declaration of Resolves Second Continental Congress Second general meeting of colonies that took strong measures against the crown Virginia Declaration of Rights Declared equally free, independent, and inherent rights Vocabulary Articles of Confederation The first constitution of the US Ratified Formally approve Northwest Ordinance 1787 legislation that established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory Shay’s Rebellion A rebellion of MA farmers who were angry at the prospect of losing their land