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Chapter 2
Origins of American
Government
Sections 2 & 3
American Independence and
Articles of Confederation
S
American Indepence
S Inspiration from French and Indian War
S 1775 Second Continental Congress – Declaration of
Independence
S Rebellion for New Policies
Road to Independence
Early Attempts
S
S
1643:New England
Confederation
S Fights threats from Indians
1754-1763 French and Indian
War
S Inspiration
S
1754-Iroquios Confederation
S Plan of action
S
Albany Plan of Union-Ben
Franklin
S Control trade, raise armies,
build settlements, equip fleets
Growing Tensions
S
1700’s
S Colonies wanted less
interference from the crown
S
1760
S King George Tightens
Control
S
Most were loyal
S
Parliament feared independence
S
Parliament places financial
burdens on Colonies
Events Leading to the American
Revolution
French Indian War 1754
S
British
The Stamp Act 1765
S
S Fight French for Ohio River
S Tax on Paper Goods
Valley
S Tax Colonies to Pay Debts
from War
S
Colonists
S Unites Colonies
S Start War Effort
British
S
Colonists
S Boycott British Goods
S Stamp Act Congress
Colonist Protests
S 1766: Stamp Act
S Colonies Protested and Act Was Repealed, Organized
Resistance
S 1773: Boston Tea Party
S Protest American tea trade given to one British company
S 1774: Intolerable Acts
S Ended all Forms of Self Rule in Massachusetts
The Continental Congress
Compromise
First Continental Congress
S
Hoped for compromises
S
1754: Demanded repeal of Intolerable
Acts
S
VA and MA call for meeting of
colonies in Philadelphia
S
1775: Lexington and Concord-Clash
between British and Colonist troops
Second Continental Congress
Common Sense of Democracy
S
1775: Organized Army
S Commander Washington
S
1776:Argued Case for Break ron
England
S
Revolutionary War Begins
S
Thomas Paine: Only Option
The Declaration of
Independence
S Months after fighting started
S June 7, 1776: Second Continental Congress proposed declaration
S Approved July 2, 1776
S Thomas Jefferson- Main Author
S “All men are by nature equally free and independent and have
certain inherent rights”-Virginia Declaration of Rights
S “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”-John Locke
S July 4, 1776-Declaration of Independce Adopted by all Colonies
State Constitutions
Self-Government
S
S
All established republican
governments
Voting rights varied
S Male taxpayers
S Property Qualifications
Separation of Powers
Limited Government
S
No unlimited power
S
Annual elections, term limits,
separation of powers
S
Limited terms of Governors
Individual Rights
S
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
S
Protect rights protect from govt.
S
States had power to govern
S
S
Most legislatures had two houses
S
Some elected governors and judges
1780:MA wrote Bill of Rights
S Trial by Jury
S Freedom of Assembly
S Free Speech
Articles of Confederation
S 1777: Second Continental Congress
S Official plan for national government
S Post-Revolutionary War
S Conflicts led to problems between states
First National Government
Articles of Confederation
S
S
S
June 1776: Friendship among
states
June 12, 1777: Articles of
Confederation Adopted
Had to be Ratified
Powers of the National Government
A Delay in Ratification
S
Dispute over Western Land
S
Small States Fear Big States
S
Changes Made
S
Ratified in 1781
State Powers
S
Created Weak, no Court System
S
S
One-house Congress
S New States
S Disputes
S Coin Money
States Took All Specific Powers
not Granted to Congress
S
Collect Taxes
S
Enforce Laws
Congress Under the Articles of
Confederation
The Powers of Congress
The Limits on Congress
S
Coin and borrow money
S
No president or executive branch
S
Admit new states
S
No national court system
S
Request money from states
S
No power to tax or raise national
funds
S
Raise army
S
S
Appoint military officers
No power to regulate trade or
currency
S
Declare war
S
No power to prohibit states from
conducting foreign affairs
S
Foreign Affairs
S
Needed 9 states to pass laws
Pressures for Stronger
Government
Northwest Ordinance
Dangers and Unrest
S
Planned to settle NW Territory
S
War Debts!!!!!!!
S
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Ohio, Minnesota, and Wisconsin
S
1783: Congress couldn’t approve
tax on imports
S
Created system for admitting
new states, banned slavery,
included Bill of Rights
S
Postwar depression
S
States pursue own interests
Pressures for Stronger
Government
Calls to Revise the
Articles
Shay’s Rebellion
S
MA Farmers protesting against
losing land
S
March 1785: VA and MD
representatives go to Washington
S
Captain Daniel Shay led attacks
S
Regulating commerce between
states
S
2,5000 people
S
S
Showed weaknesses of Congress
February 1787: Madison
persuades Congress to endorse
meeting for revisions
S
May 1787: Meet in PA
New England Confederation
Confederation of colonies to defend
against Native Americans and nearby
Dutch Colonies
Iroquois Confederation
Powerful alliance of six Native
American nations
Albany Plan of Union
Plan, by Ben Franklin, that called for
a council of representatives
appointed by the colonial assemblies
and a president general appointed by
the king
Stamp Act
First attempt by British to tax
Americans on all paper goods
First Continental Congress
First general meeting of colonies that
sent King George III Declaration of
Resolves
Second Continental Congress
Second general meeting of colonies
that took strong measures against the
crown
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Declared equally free, independent,
and inherent rights
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the US
Ratified
Formally approve
Northwest Ordinance
1787 legislation that established a
plan for settling the Northwest
Territory
Shay’s Rebellion
A rebellion of MA farmers who were
angry at the prospect of losing their
land