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From: Role of the Natriuretic Peptide System in Cardiorenal Protection
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2696-2704. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.22.2696
Figure Legend:
Normal physiology of natriuretic peptides. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is largely secreted by atrial myocytes, whereas brain
natriuretic peptide (BNP) is chiefly the product of the ventricular myocytes, and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is derived from
vascular endothelial cells. All 3 peptides are produced in the brain. ADH indicates antidiuretic hormone; BP, blood pressure; EC,
endothelial cells; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NPCR, natriuretic peptide-C receptor; SNS, sympathetic nervous system; and
VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell.
Copyright © 2003 American Medical
Date of download: 4/30/2017
Association. All rights reserved.
From: Role of the Natriuretic Peptide System in Cardiorenal Protection
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2696-2704. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.22.2696
Figure Legend:
Mechanisms by which low-output heart failure leads to activation of neurohormonal vasoconstrictor systems (eg, sympathetic
nervous system [SNS], renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS], and vasopressin) and causes resistance to natriuretic peptide
hormones (atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP] and brain natriuretic peptide [BNP]), impaired aldosterone escape, diminished distal
tubular sodium and water delivery, and thus, renal and water excretion. These effects result in a vicious positive regulated feedback
loop with further worsening of heart failure. Ang Copyright
II indicates
angiotensin
II; Medical
NEP, neutral endopeptidase.
© 2003
American
Date of download: 4/30/2017
Association. All rights reserved.
From: Role of the Natriuretic Peptide System in Cardiorenal Protection
Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2696-2704. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.22.2696
Figure Legend:
Mechanism of action of vasopeptidase inhibitors. Dual inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral
endopeptidase (NEP) results in a shift in the balance resulting in inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and
activation of the physiologic actions of natriuretic peptides. ANP indicates atrial natriuretic peptide; AT1, antithrombin 1; BNP, brain
natriuretic peptide; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CNP, C-type natriuretic peptide; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NEP,
neutral endopeptidase; NO, nitric oxide and PAI-1,
plasminogen
Copyright
© 2003 activator
American inhibitor
Medical 1.
Date of download: 4/30/2017
Association. All rights reserved.