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SOL WHI 3A, B Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys? Where were the earliest civilizations located? When did these civilizations exist? Mesopotamia – Tigris and Euphrates Egypt – Nile River South Asia – Indus River China – Huang He Valley Developed around 3000 BCE Polytheistic Religion Hereditary Kings Developed Cuneiform Agricultural Surplus Rigid Social Structure Slavery First Law Code (Hammurabi’s Code) Crime – Theft Crime - Kidnapping Crime – Breaking and entering Lenient rulers Religion (Zoroastrianism) Good road system (Royal Road) Complex bureaucracy Hereditary Kings - Pharaohs Agriculture based on annual Nile flood Polytheistic Religion Writing - Hieroglyphics Centralized governments based on religious authority Written law codes Metal tools and weapons Polytheistic religions Better tools, plows, irrigation Trade along rivers and oceans Developed slavery Development of first cities