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Black Holes
By: Peter Harriss
What are they?
• Black holes are super condensed dead stars
with unbelievably strong gravity.
• They are the result of some stellar
supernovae, but not all due to the fact that
the star has to be massive enough to cause
itself to fall inwards. When they collapse inward they do so at near or of the speed of
light.
• The major components of a Black Hole are the
event horizon, and singularity or actual region
of where the hole itself is. And the singularity
is the cause of the gravity.
• The event horizon is the point at which, if
caught nothing (not even light) can escape the
gravitational pull.
• Star begins to die,……star explodes,…….falls
back due to gravity and becomes black hole.
Singularity
Event
horizon
Ergosphere
After math
• They consume everything near by. Except in
some cases where there is an extreme amount
of gases near by left over from the supernova.
These gases then begin to orbit the black hole
and release giant amounts of energy in the
form of x-rays that shoot off into what ever
direction of space that they may, these are
called Quasars.
• Black holes are a lot closer to
home than you think. In fact
there is one right in the middle of
the milky way galaxy.
• Like everything else black holes are not infinite,
and overtime evaporate. (Hawking)
• This happens when they start to exert a large
amount of energy, so in a sense black holes are
like black versions of stars.
• Stephen hawking has done much work on black
holes, they have earned him much praise from
the public and the scientific community. In one
paper he theorized that when matter entered the
black hole it is a form of data and that when it
eventual dies the data from the matter is lost,
current research shows that the data is merely
transformed into a different form.
What would it look like inside?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pAnRKD4raY
• Time Machines?................
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=i0cVdPHOIx
w&feature=endscreen
• END OF BLACK HOLES
Stars, planets, and everything in
between.
• Stars- are giant balls of Hydrogen and Helium
burning bright due to the fusion of Hydrogen
in their core. When stars die they create
heavier elements such as oxygen, and neon.
When they die they go out in a massive
explosion which results in a nebula, leaving
where it once was a neutron star, or black
hole, but in order to become a black hole it
has to have enough mass.
• And it is from the death of stars that creation of
smaller stars and solar systems takes place, because of
the elements floating around which are eventually
attracted towards each other by the force of gravity.
• Gravity is the main motor behind the formation of
celestial bodies in the cosmos. Gravity is the act of
space wrapping around mass, the more mass, the more
gravitational attraction that object has on other
objects. This is why on some planets in the solar
system, if you were to walk on them you would be
either lighter or heavier than on earth. This is the
reason that Jupiter did not transform into a star,
because the sun had the most mass so attracted most
of the massive objects near Jupiter that would have
gone to it, therefore giving it enough gravity to fuse
hydrogen if the sun had not interfered. The massive
objects are theorized to be the inner planets.
• So to summarize when a star dies it creates heavy
elements, which form nebulae, which form smaller
splinter stars and solar systems, which over time
may spawn life………..
• Everything you and I have come to know, even ourselves were made, because of the formation of
heavier elements in the death of stars. So when you
look up in the night sky and see thousands of stars
that probably aren’t there any more you have to
wonder if there couldn’t be other life out there.
• The possibility of life is very great, when you
think about it, there are millions of stars that
we can see, and billions that we can’t. The
universe is the largest known object to
mankind and to have life unique to Earth is
highly unlikely.
• But if there is other life out there what would
they look like? They won’t be what most sci-fi
directors portray them to be, human like, little
green men, no they will have characteristics
based on their environment, meaning gravity,
atmosphere, temperature,..Etc. and so on.
• So a planet with a methane atmosphere may
have inhabitants with good filtration systems,
or just be able to breathe methane, so our
atmosphere may be toxic to them and vise
versa.
• What if they are on a planet six or more times
earth’s mass, they may be giant pure muscle
slugs or the same with a less massive planet
with creatures that are tall and thin.
• But what about this, could there be life in our
own milky way?
The Universe according to super
computers
y
To give you an idea………
• You are a dot on earth, which is a dot in the
solar system, which is dot in the milky way,
which is a dot in a galaxy cluster, which is a
dot in the universe, and some theorize the
universe is one of many in a vast endless
expanse called the multiverse. So you tell me
is the possibility of life great……. I would
venture to say it is almost certain.
• Aliens are just part of the wondrous
possibilities awaiting us in the cosmos, worlds
filled with gas to be harvested for fuel, and
new sources of energy. Not to mention time
travel possibilities.
Time travel
• Time is the fourth dimension, it is a forward
flowing river that cannot be stopped. It is
what you use to keep track of age, date,
year,..Etc. But how would one travel forward
or back ward in time, well first to rule out a
few things……..
Past
• Time travel into the past is theoretically possible
with the help of worm holes, (Worm Holes are
theoretical portals through time and space). But
you would not want to travel backwards in time
because of several things, The Grand Father
Paradox is one particular possibility that is
undesirable. In this Paradox if you were to go
back in time and interfere with your, or any of
your blood relatives lives that resulted in your
creation, then there would be a great possibility
that you would cease to exist.
• Another is the butterfly effect (self
explanatory).
• Probably the worst thing to happen would be
feedback from natural radiation, circling
through past and present until the inevitable
explosion.
• But although time travel into the past isn’t
desirable or likely, time travel into the future
is.
• What do black holes and the Pyramids of Giza
have in common?___________
• Answer, they both have a dragging effect on
time. In fact everything with mass does.
• If you were to stand close enough to where
the effect of the pyramid’s gravity is at play
then, although it may not be obvious to you,
you would be experiencing a dragging effect
on time.
• The same is true with a Black Hole, if you were
to get close enough to one to experience the
full effect of gravity, then you would
experience anywhere from half to a third
Earth time. So maybe ten years for you is
thirty for people on Earth.
• Time is quirky and fun to think about as is most Physics.
• So to give you a few things to think about over break….
• What would happen if a mad scientist were to expand a
worm hole travel one minute into the future and turn,
look one minute in the past through the portal in which
he just came and kill himself one minute in the past?
(Hawking)
• What would happen if you had a time machine, and
went into the future and came back with a large
amount of matter from the future, now keep in mind
the amount of matter and energy in the universe will
not change in the past, so what would be the effects of
introducing new matter into the universe?
• (Wendelin)
Works cited
• 98% from my head
• 2% Stephen Hawking’s THE THEORY OF
EVERYTHING
• Youtube.com/PHYSICS LOVERS