Download Suffix repetition

GRAMMATICAL ISSUES IN
TRANSLATION
Chapter 8
Lecturer: Ms. Abrar A. Mujaddidi
The grammatical level

On the grammatical level, there are two things to
consider:
 Morphology
(words)
 Syntax (the arrangement of words into sentences)

Translation loss on the grammatical level is usually
obvious.
Words


The combination of words creates meanings that
they do not have in isolation.
One of the reasons of translation loss on the lexical
level (words) is that exact synonymy is rare between
ST words and TT words.
e.g.
‫ لحم‬and meat
Grammatical Arrangements

There are two types of grammatical structure:
 Morphological
patterns affecting individual words
 Syntactic patterns
cont.,

Adverbs in Arabic and English:
 Some
translate into adverbs in English
( ً ‫ سريعا‬translates as quickly)
 Complex forms in Arabic translated as English adverbs.
( ‫ بلهجة مرحة‬translates as cheerfully)
 Arabic adverbials translated with something other than
the English adverb.
( ً ‫ مدعومة أمريكيا‬translated as American-backed)
cont.,



Compounds too are differ from a language to a
language.
English shows a limited use of compounds.
Arabic builds compounds through the use of
genetive structure:
‫غرفة نوم‬
cont.,


Grammatical differences are especially clear in
differences in verb systems.
The system of tenses in Arabic is quite different from
English.
e.g.
‫ يشتري‬can be translated as
‘buys’
‘is buying’
‘ will buy’
Morphological repetition

Types of morphological repetition:
 Pattern
repetition
 Root repetition
 Suffix repetition
Pattern repetition


Pattern repetition involves repetition of the same
pattern (..‫مفعلة‬،‫ مفعول‬،‫ فعل‬: ‫ ( وزن‬In two or more
words in close proximity.
Extremely common in Arabic.
‫البيت القديم الكبير‬
)‫(قديم و كبير على وزن فعيل‬
cont.,


Pattern repetition can be combined with some kind
of semantic relationship to give additional
emphasis.
The semantic relationships between words with
repeated patterns are of three types:
 Semantically
related words.
 Synonyms or near-synonyms.
 antonyms
Root repetition

Root repetition involves repetition of the same
morphological root in close proximity within a text.
E.g. ‫درسنا هذا الدرس‬
(involves repetition of the root ‫س‬
َ ‫)دَ َر‬

Suffix repetition



Suffix repetition is the repetition of the same suffix
at the end of words in close proximity.
E.g.
‫أرض النبوءات و الرساالت و الخرافات و المخابرات‬
Suffix repetition can be considered an emphatic
device used in poetic texts.
Lexical repetition

Arabic is marked by repetition of :
 The
same word: (Lexical item repetition)
 A whole phrase: (Phrase repetition)
Lexical item repetition



Lexical item repetition in Arabic is represented by
repeating a word in the same sentence or
extending over larger stretches of text.
Consider the example p.g. 109
In the example mentioned above, lexical item
repetition served as a stylistic feature and as a
device for text cohesion.
Phrase repetition

Phrase repetition, just like word repetition serves as
a cohesive tool for the text.
Thank you 