Download Horticulture Classification

Horticultural Classification
• Weed
– A misplaced plant!
• In England, certain daisies are considered a
weed and here in the U.S., we cultivate them
• Previously, sunflowers were considered a
weed in the U.S. and now they are a major
agronomic crop!
Horticultural Classification
• Weed
– Invasive: a plant introduced to an area
where it displaces the native vegetation
in an aggressive manner
• Exotic: a non-native plant, and not
necessarily an invasive or weedy
plant!
Kudzu
Introduced in 1876 at the Centennial exposition in Philadelphia, PA.
Promoted by the US Soil Conservation Service during the 1930’s They actually paid people to plant it!
Horticultural Classification
• Botanical System of Plant Classification
– Based in the belief that plants evolved from
a single organism
– All plants are somehow related
Horticultural Classification
• Domain (a new classification!)
Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Horticultural Classification
• 3 Domains:
– 1. Eukarya
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a. Kingdom Animalia
b. Kingdom Plantae
c. Kingdom Fungi
d. Protists (certain algae, protozoans, slime molds
having cell organelles)
– 2. Bacteria (prokaryotes in multiple kingdoms)
– 3. Archaea (prokaryotes that live in Earth’s
extreme environments. These also are in
multiple kingdoms)
Horticultural Classification
• 5 Major Divisions of Plantae:
– 1. Pterophyta = ferns
– 2. Cycadophyta = cycads
– 3. Ginkgophyta = ginkgos
– 4. Coniferophyta = conifers
– 5. Angiophyta = flowering plants*
*most commonly used as ornamentals by
gardeners
Horticultural Classification
• 2 Major Divisions of Angiophyta:
Monocotyledoneae = monocots (50,000 species)
Dicotyledoneae = dicots (200,000 species)
Horticultural Classification
• Binomial System of Nomenclature
– Developed by Linnaeus in 1753
– Italicize or underline the Latin name
– Internationally recognized name
regardless of language
Horticultural Classification
• Binomial System of Nomenclature
– Ex: Acer rubrum = “red maple”
Horticultural Classification
• Ex:
– Starrett mark
– Starrett anne
– Starrett bob
– Starrett grace
Horticultural Classification
• Families (end in -aceae)
– Pinaceae (pines, hemlock, spruce)
– Ericaceae (rhododendrons, blueberries,
azaleas)
• Genus (genera)
– Similar in structure, chromosome #’s
• Species
– Similar in structure, development and
appearance, can sometimes interbreed
Horticultural Classification
• Varieties
– a distinct character separates this group of
plants from the species
– Often come “true-to-type” from seed
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
“cauliflower”
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
“cabbage”
Brassica oleracea var. italica
“broccoli”
Horticultural Classification
• Cultivar
– A “cultivated variety”
– Plants have a distinct character that is
retained when the plant is reproduced
(generally vegetatively by cuttings)
– Name is in ‘single quotes’ and Capitalized
Malus domestica ‘Delicious’
Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’
Horticultural Classification
• Clone - a genetically identical plant
derived from a single mother plant by
asexual propagation (cuttings or
tissue culture)