Download Gazi Maflahi - fall2011sse6720

MICHIGAN
Beginning
 First people to live in Michigan were the Indians/
Native Americans.
 French explorers reached the land that we now call
Michigan in the 1600ʼs.
 Recent discoveries suggested the Humankind had
been in these areas as far as 100,000 or even
250,000 years ago, rather than 20,000 to 40,000
year range that had been assumed.


when Europeans started fighting because of
the fur trade the Dutch and the English
had the Iroquois on their sides, and the
French had the Algonquians.
British traders bought Indian friend ship by
giving them more for the fur than what they
would get from French traders.



The British flag was flowing over Michigan for
thirty six years, from 1760 to 1796.
Amherst commander of the British forces
stopped giving the Indians European goods.
The Indians were depending on these goods
and got less gifts and less liquor mixed
with water, due to military expenses.







The Indians weren't allowed entrance into Kentucky, western
Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.
French in the Illinois country and those living along the St.
Lawrence river encouraged the Indians to fight back against the
British.
The Detroit Indians were to attack the British from both east and
west plotted by Pontiac.
Killed and captured around 30 English men.
Indians all around were inspired by Pontiacs actions.
King George III’s birthday.
The Indians would play a game called baggataway.
Pontiac In Trouble
 Pontiac was in trouble since they didn't have the
weapons that the British had supplied by ships.
 Finally, in desperation, Pontiac sent a messenger to the
French, but advised Pontiac to give it up.
 In July 1766 there was a peace treaty and Pontiac was
there and stood up and worked to make peace with
the British and the Indians for the remainder of his
life.
 It was because of his Pro-British attitude that his
fellow Indians in Illinois murdered Pontiac in the
spring of 1769. he was buried in St. Louis.
Post The Revolution
 During the Revolutionary War, settlers in Michigan
favored British rule and often raided American
settlements. At the end of the war in 1783, Michigan
came under American control. Detroit and Fort
Mackinac however, did not surrender until 1796.
 In 1787, Michigan became part of the Northwest
Territory. In 1805, the Lower Peninsula and the eastern
part of the Upper Peninsula became the Territory of
Michigan. Britain recaptured Detroit and Fort Mackinac
during the War of 1812, and then returned it at the end
of the war two years later.
“Mad Anthony”
O When the Indians attitude was escalating George
O
O
O
O
Washington called on “Mad Anthony” Wayne. Wayne
excepted the command.
Wayne drilled his men for over a year. he even trained them
to yell like Indians. Also sent spies.
In June 30 and July 1, 1794, attacked but suffered severe
casualties and had to retreat.
Wayne had proof that a number of British militiamen were
mixed with the savages in the attack.
Wayne was completely victorious 33 of his men were killed
and 100 were wounded.
O He burned down some villages and marched into what is
now Indiana and built Fort Wayne under his name.
Establishment



Thomas Jefferson was the president when the territory of Michigan was
established.
The first person to be named governor of Michigan was William Hull in
1805.
Jefferson appointed Stanley Griswold, Augustus Woodward, Fredrick
bates, and Samuel Huntington as secretaries of the territory.
on June 11, 1805 when the towns’ baker John Harvey went on his
pony to get some flour, wind caught sparks from his pipe and
burned the town.
 Woodward saw a new plan to rebuild Detroit, he secured a plan that
was made for the nation’s capital made by Pierre L'Enfant.
 After a decade the plan was undid by Witherell and Governor Lewis
Cass and now its downtown Detroit.

The Plan
Another Fight

A fight broke out between the Indians and the Americans the British
sided with the Indians and captured hull.

Hull was sentenced to be shot, but the president set that aside due to
Hull's good record during the Rev. War.

Lt. Oliver Hazard Perry and William Harrison came to take command
of the army in March 1813.

On august 5th Perry and Harrison defeated the British army and
opened the doors to capture Detroit.

Two days latter the British forces were pulled out of Detroit after burning the
public buildings.

On Oct 19 Perry and Harrison left for Niagara and left Cass the
commander. Ten days later president Madison appointed Cass
governor of Michigan he would retain that for 8 years.
A New Destination
 Edward Tiffin, Surveyor general of the U.S reported to president Madison early
1816 that Michigan apparently consisted of swamps, lakes, and poor, sandy soil
not worth the cost of Surveying.
 It was because of the Tiffin's report that there was little settling in Michigan until
1820ʼs.
 From 1830 to 1837 Michigan was the most popular destination for westwardmoving pioneers.
 By 1833, sales in Michigan accounted for slightly more than a tenth of the
income received from this source in the country.
 Population was increasing year by year in Michigan. New comers were from
New york.
 The largest number of inhabitants in1837-23,400 or over 13 percent of the
state's total population- lived in Wayne county.
 in 1837 Michigan was admitted into the Union as a state, thirty-eight counties
had been established.
“The Boy Governor”
 Appointed by Pres. Jackson, only nineteen years of age,
Stevens Thomson Mason, became the first governor of
Michigan to hold that position for two terms.
 First Governor of the state.
 Mason is the youngest State Governor In American history.
 He was loved by Michiganians and still is today.
The Toledo War






The clash between Ohioans and Michiganians that took place in
1835 has been called the Toledo war.
By the time a former Ohio governor Edward Tiffin, was the surveyor
general of the United States. He employed William Harris to survey
the boundary, but instructed him to run the line in accordance with
the provision of the United States.
Governor Cass protested that Tiffin was not carrying out, as a result
a second survey was made in 1818 by John A. Fulton.
Someone discovered some technical shortcomings in the Fulton
survey, and a new one was ordered.
It was surveyed by Talcott which coincided with the Fulton line.
Meanwhile in Washington the senate after a debate passed a bill
upholding Ohio and accepting the Harris line as the official
boundary.
The Harris Line

“This was no comfort Old Hickory, who had his eyes fixed on
the next election and worried no end about all those votes
his party would lose in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois if he came out in
support of Michigan. With no choice Jackson sent two
commissioners to Detroit to try and settle with Mason who
said he would refrain if Lucas stayed out the Strip. Mason
rejected their proposal than they went back to Mason and
told him Jackson would remove him from office if he starts
arresting Ohioans who tried to exercise authority in the
disputed strip. Mason would not back down: he told them it
would be usurpation and tyranny to remove him for
enforcing the law.”

Mason was not bluffing he went to the strip and arrested any
Ohioans he found who refused to leave by a specified time.
He also arrested nine surveyors who were re- marking the
Harris line for Ohio.
* One explanation for the origin of the name “Wolverines” for
Michiganians is that it was invented by the Ohioans as a suitable
nickname, since the wolverine has the reputation of being a
particularly vicious and ornery animal.
* A compromise that called for the acceptance of the Harris line to
satisfy Ohio but gave Michigan a large area in what is now the upper
Peninsula.
* On Sept, 10, 1835 less than a month before the election Governor
mason received a letter from Secretary of State John Forsyth
notifying him the dismissal as secretary of Michigan because of the
dispute for the Toledo Strip. Replaced by John S. Horner.
* On January 26, 1837 President Jackson signed the bill that made
Michigan the 26th state.