Download Roadway fatalities and causes

Roadway Fatalities and Causes
PROGRESS & OPPORTUNITIES
Grant Baldwin, PhD, MPH
Director, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Road to Zero Coalition Meeting
December 15th 2016
Motor Vehicle Related Deaths Decreased
Significantly in Last 25 Years
60,000
50,000
TRENDING UP
AGAIN
40,000
31%
30,000
1980-2015
20,000
10,000
Our Goal
0
1975
IIHS 2015.
Motor Vehicle
Deaths Decreased
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Leading Causes of Injury Death by Age Group
Highlighting Top 3 Causes
Rank
1
2
2014
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
<1
1-4
5-9
10-14
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Total
Unintentional
Suffocation
Unintentional
Drowning
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
Poisoning
Unintentional
Poisoning
Unintentional
Poisoning
Unintentional
Poisoning
Unintentional
Fall
Unintentional
Poisoning
991
368
345
384
6,531
9,334
9,116
11,009
7,013
27,044
42,032
Homicide
Unspecified
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
Drowning
Suicide
Suffocation
Homicide
Firearm
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
MV Traffic
119
293
125
225
3,587
5,856
4,308
5,024
4,554
6,373
33,736
Homicide
Other Spec.,
Classifiable
Homicide
Unspecified
Unintentional
Fire / Burn
Suicide
Firearm
Unintentional
Poisoning
Homicide
Firearm
Suicide
Firearm
Suicide
Firearm
Suicide
Firearm
Suicide
Firearm
Unintentional
Fall
83
149
15
174
3,492
3,260
2,830
3,953
3,910
5,367
31,959
Unintentional
MV Traffic
Unintentional
Suffocation
Homicide
Firearm
Homicide
Firearm
Suicide
Firearm
Suicide
Firearm
Suicide
Suffocation
Suicide
Suffocation
Unintentional
Fall
Unintentional
Unspecified
Suicide
Firearm
61
120
58
115
2,270
2,829
2,057
2,321
2,558
4,590
21,334
Undetermined
Suffocation
Unintentional
Fire / Burn
Unintentional
Other Land
Transport
Unintentional
Drowning
Suicide
Suffocation
Suicide
Suffocation
Homicide
Firearm
Suicide
Poisoning
Suicide
Poisoning
Unintentional
Suffocation
Suicide
Suffocation
40
117
36
105
2,010
2,402
1,835
1,795
1,529
3,692
11,407
Unintentional
Drowning
Unintentional
Pedestrian
Unintentional
Suffocation
Unintentional
Fire / Burn
Unintentional
Drowning
Suicide
Poisoning
Suicide
Poisoning
Unintentional
Fall
Suicide
Suffocation
Unintentional
Poisoning
Homicide
Firearm
800
1,274
29
107
34
49
507
Homicide
Suffocation
Homicide
Other Spec.,
Classifiable
Unintentional
Natural /
Environment
Unintentional
Other Land
Transport
Suicide
Poisoning
1,340
1,509
1,993
10,945
Homicide
Firearm
Unintentional
Suffocation
Unintentional
Injury
Suicide
Poisoning
26
73
22
49
363
575
637
1,132
698
48,295
6,808
Unintentional
Natural /
Environment
Homicide
Firearm
Unintentional
Pedestrian
Unintentional
Suffocation
Homicide
Cut/Pierce
Homicide
Cut/Pierce
Unintentional
Fall
Chronic Low.
Respiratory
Disease
Undetermined
Poisoning
Unintentional
Fire / Burn
Unintentional
Suffocation
17
47
18
33
314
430
504
4,402
539
1,161
6,580
Undetermined
Unspecified
Unintentional
Struck by or
Against
38
Unintentional
Struck by or
Against
16
Unintentional
Poisoning
Undetermined
Poisoning
Unintentional
Drowning
Unintentional
Drowning
Unintentional
Suffocation
Homicide
Firearm
Suicide
Poisoning
Unintentional
Unspecified
22
229
399
363
452
538
1,028
5,848
Unintentional
Fire / Burn
Unintentional
Natural /
Environment
Unintentional
Firearm
Homicide
Cut/Pierce
Unintentional
Other Land
Transport
Unintentional
Fall
Homicide
Cut/Pierce
Unintentional
Drowning
Unintentional
Unspecified
Suicide
Suffocation
Unintentional
Drowning
15
36
14
19
177
285
313
442
530
880
3,406
16
10
Undetermined Undetermined
Poisoning
Poisoning
Safer
Roads
Safe System
Approach
Safer
Road
Users
Improved
Post Crash
Response
Road Safety Management
TIMELINE
Motor Vehicle Safety Policies
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
1966
1974
1982
1992
2005
2015
• Motor
Vehicle
Safety Act
• Universal
Motorcycle
Helmet Law in
45 States
• Alcohol Traffic
Safety Incentive
Program
• BAC 0.1 in all 50
states
• Graduated
Driver Licensing
Laws set in 45
States
• Talking on
handheld
cellphones
banned in 14
states
1995
• National
Minimum Legal
Drinking Age
• Primary or
secondary seat
belt law in 49
states
1986
1999
• Child Restraint
Laws in all 50
States
• State incentive
grant program
encourages
adoption of
safety measures
1984
1975
• 55 MPH
Maximum
Speed Limit
2006
• BAC lowered to
0.08 in all 50
states
2008
• Texting is
banned for all
drivers in 46
states
• In person
renewal of
license for older
drivers in 18
states
Peer
Motor vehicle-related fatality rate decreased by almost 50% since 1960
Review
ADAPTED: Dellinger et al., 2007; Bandi et al. 2015; and IIHS 2015.
Country Comparison
Death rates declined in the United States
between 2000-2013
But other High Income Countries saw
sharper declines
Sauber-Schatz, E. K. (2016). MMWR, 65.
A total of 87% of U.S. drivers were
restrained in 2013
12,584
2,800
Sauber-Schatz, E. K. (2016). MMWR, 65.
NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts. DOT HS 812 153
Speeding was involved in 29% of U.S.
motor vehicle crash deaths in 2013
SPEED - Percent of Fatalities Where Involved
9,696
Sauber-Schatz, E. K. (2016). MMWR, 65.
Alcohol was involved in 31% of U.S.
motor vehicle crash deaths in 2013
ALCOHOL - Percent of Fatalities Where Involved
10,197
Sauber-Schatz, E. K. (2016). MMWR, 65.
35,092 FATALITIES
2,443,000 INJURIES
Fatal Crashes
Crash
Pyramid
2015
Injury Crashes
Property
Damage Only
Police-Reported
Crashes
Crashes
$242 Billion in Economic Cost
$836 Billion in Societal Harm
NHTSA DOT HS 812 349 – Sept 2016
15
10
Wyoming
Mississippi
Montana
New Mexico
North Dakota
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Alabama
South Dakota
Louisiana
Arkansas
Kentucky
West Virginia
Tennessee
Kansas
Texas
Delaware
North Carolina
Missouri
Florida
Nebraska
Georgia
Arizona
Idaho
Indiana
Iowa
Nevada
Alaska
Maine
Pennsylvania
Colorado
Michigan
Oregon
Wisconsin
Utah
Ohio
Virginia
California
Maryland
Illinois
New Hampshire
Vermont
Connecticut
Hawaii
Minnesota
Washington
New Jersey
New York
Rhode Island
Massachusetts
2014
Fatality Rate Per
Significant variation in fatality
rates by state
POPULATION
VMT
30
1.8
5.3 Fold Variation
2.9 Fold Variation
20
U.S. Average
U.S. Average
0
100,000 Population
100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
1.6
25
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
5
0.2
0
STATE
NHTSA DOT HS 812 293
District of Columbia
Nevada
Missouri
New Hampshire
Arizona
Idaho
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Alabama
Rhode Island
Vermont
Mississippi
South Dakota
Arkansas
Hawaii
Kentucky
Georgia
Washington
Illinois
California
Iowa
Montana
Florida
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Indiana
Maryland
New Jersey
New Mexico
Ohio
Tennessee
Virginia
Oregon
South Carolina
New York
North Carolina
West Virginia
Colorado
North Dakota
Nebraska
Pennsylvania
Maine
Oklahoma
Utah
Michigan
Wyoming
Kansas
Delaware
Connecticut
Texas
Alaska
Percent decline in fatality rates varied
per state in the last decade
Fatality Rate by 100 Million VMT
2014
Percent Change
2005 to 2014
1.8
10%
1.6
1.4
0%
1.2
-10%
1
-20%
0.8
0.6
US. Average
0
-30%
0.4
-40%
0.2
-50%
State
NHTSA DOT HS 812 293
Deaths to pedestrians, bicyclists, and
motorcyclists increased in the last decade
PERCENT
100%
2006
3%
2015
LG TRUCK, BUSES and OTHER – Increased 1%
90%
11%
MOTORCYCLISTS – Increased 3%
80%
13%
PED, BIKE and OTHER – Increased 5%
14%
18%
70%
60%
4%
30%
LIGHT TRUCKS – Decreased 2%
28%
50%
40%
30%
20%
42%
PASSENGER CARS – Decreased 6%
36%
10%
0%
NUMBER OF DEATHS
42,708
NHTSA HS 812 349 – Sept 2016
NUMBER OF DEATHS
35,092
American Indians / Alaska Natives
continue to be disproportionally impacted
AGE
ADJUSTED
RATE PER
100,000
25.00
White
Black
AI/AN
Asian
20.00
15.00
1.45 Fold
Greater
10.00
5.00
0.00
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
YEAR
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Just imagine if the United States had the same motor
vehicle crash death rate in 2013 as:
LIVES SAVED
DIRECT MEDICAL
COSTS AVERTED
12,000
$140 Million
18,000
$210 Million
24,000
$281 Million
Second Highest
Death Rate
BELGIUM
AVERAGE OF 19
COMPARISON COUNTRIES
Best Performing
Country
SWEDEN
WISQARS
Keys to Public Health Success
Adapted from Thomas Frieden
Use Science for
Action
Support
Implementation
Leverage
Context
• Address the biggest, modifiable risk factors
• Use effective, evidence-based, and scalable
interventions
• Demonstrate impact with data
• Create a technical package
• Leverage partners and the intersection with practice
• Enable, learn from, and celebrate small, local wins
• Make the default choices “safe and healthy”
• Act when the timing is right or pressing
Leverage Proven, Evidence-Based Interventions
• Sobriety Checkpoints
•
0.08 BAC Laws
• Ignition Interlocks
• Minimum Legal Drinking
Age
• Universal Helmet Laws
• Seat Belts Laws
• Child Safety Seats
Focus on what works and your best buys for lives
saved and cost in every state
State-Based Fact Sheets
Cost Calculator
Motor Vehicle Prioritizing
Interventions and Cost
Calculator for States
http://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/
Distraction
Drugged Driving
Emerging
Issues
Vehicle
Automation
Older Drivers
Data Linkage
Five Things We Can Do Now
1
Learn from other high income countries and replicate when possible
2
3
4
5
Address racial and ethnic disparities and vulnerable roadPay
users
for
patient
counseling,
coordination of
Leverage new technologies when possible but double
on existing
care, down
and checking
countermeasures
PDMP
Peer
Review
Couple strong laws with high visibility enforcement
Create a safety culture
Peer
Review
For more information please contact Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333
Telephone: 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636)/TTY: 1-888-232-6348
E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cdc.gov
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
Special thanks to Erin Sauber-Schatz, Ann Dellinger, and Kory Trott for their assistance with
this presentation
PHOTO: Ben Gray - 2016