Download transistor - Chemistryonthebrain

Atomic # : 32
Atomic Mass: 72.61
Mass # : 41
P+ : 32
N+- : 41
E- : 32
BY: Shaqukell Wilson
First proposed to exist by Dmitri Mendeleyev in
1871 based on gaps in his newly created Periodic
Table of Elements, Germanium was discovered by
the German chemist Clemens Winkler in 1886.
Dmitri
Mendeleyev
Clemens
Winkler
Germanium is not found as the free element in nature.
Germanium is found in germanite, argyrodite, and some
zinc ores. It is also present in coal. Pure germanium metal is
then produced by passing an electric current through
molten (melted) germanium chloride. This method
produces very pure germanium. This level of purity is
needed in order to use the metal in the production of
semiconductors. The minerals were to a preliminary
investigation with the blowpipe and found as its main
components Sulphur and Silver, and a small quantity of
Mercury.
Sulphur
Silver
Mercury
Atomic Number: 32
Atomic Weight: 72.64
Melting Point: 1211.40 K (938.25°C or
1720.85°F)
Boiling Point: 3106 K (2833°C or 5131°F)
Density: 5.323 grams per cubic centimeter
Phase at Room Temperature: Solid
Element Classification: Semi-metal
Period Number: 4 Group Number: 14
Group Name : none
Compounds
Oxide(s) : GeO , GeO2
Hydride(s) : GeH4 ,
Ge2H6
Chloride : GeCl2 , GeCl4
GERMANIUM USAGE #1
The Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and
power. It is composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for
connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the
transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals.
Because the controlled power can be much more than the controlling power, a transistor
can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are
found embedded in integrated circuits. Following its release in the early 1950s the
transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and
cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things.
Transistor Radio
Transistor
GERMANIUM USAGE #2
The Computer
A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and
automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The
particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the
computer to solve more than one kind of problem. An important class of
computer operations on some computing platforms is the accepting of
input from human operators and the output of results formatted for
human consumption. The interface between the computer and the human
operator is known as the user interface.
H OW G E R M A N I U M I M PAC T E D M Y
LIFE
Germanium impacted my life because it takes a part in what I
use. My computer for example is somehow created from
Germanium and I use my computer things like Twitter or Skype
and sometimes YouTube. And then there's my camera.
Germanium is what's used to create the lens on a camera . Then
you have the calculator; my best friend in Algebra I use it
everyday and it is also made from Germanium.
FACTS ABOUT GERMANIUM
Germanium is classified as a Metalloid element and
is located in Groups 13, 14,15, 16 and 17 of the Periodic
Table. An element classified as a Metalloid has
properties of both metals and non-metals. Found in
argyrodite sulfide of germanium and silver , coal;
germanite and zinc ores. Germanium also has the
uncommon property that like water it expands as it
freezes.
T H E CO ST TO O BTA I N
GERMANIUM
Cost if pure: $360 per 100g
99.9999%
pure
Cost if bulk: $120 per 100g
Toxicity level :
low
100.00%
Bulk
SOURCES INCLUDE
www.element-collection.com
www.radiochemistry.org
Enviormentalchemistry.com
www.speclab.com