Download 01 atmosphere

WITH A PARTNER
• Come up with a theory as to why the hottest time of the
day is around 3pm even though noon is when the sun has
the most direct sunlight on the earth
• Come up with a theory as to why Just after sunrise in the
morning is the COLDEST part of the day and not during
the middle of the night.
ATMOSPHERE
VIDEO OF ATMOSPHERE
REMEMBER EARTHS ENERGY COMES FROM THE SUN (
INTRO TO THE ATMOSPHERE
•EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
MAKES CONDITIONS ON
EARTH SUITABLE FOR LIVING
THINGS!
WHAT IS THE ATMOSPHERE?
•ATMOSPHERE is the layer of gases that
surrounds the planet. (breath on an apple)
IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE #1
•Contains OXYGEN and other GASES needed
for life.
•These living things also have an affect on the
atmosphere.
•Atmosphere is constantly changing, molecules
and gases move around the globe and in and out
of living things
COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE (WHAT IT IS MADE OF)
•Nitrogen 78%
•Oxygen 21%
• All other gases 1%
• (Argon 0.93%, Carbon
Dioxide 0.036%) neon,
helium, methane, krypton,
hydrogen
OZONE
•OZONE is a form of oxygen that has 3 oxygen
atoms in each molecule instead of 2.
WATER VAPOR
• WATER VAPOR is water in the form of a gas.
It is
invisible, not the same thing as steam.
• Amount of water vapor varies from place to place. Air
above desert or polar ice sheet may have none, rain forest
may have as much as 5%.
• Clouds form when water vapor condenses out of the
air to form tiny droplets of liquid water or crystals of
ice. If droplets are large enough they fall as rain or
snow.
IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE #2
• TRAPS energy from the sun, and keeps most of the
Earths surface warm enough for LIQUID WATER.
• Living things need warmth and liquid water.
IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE #3
• PROTECTS living things from dangerous
RADIATION from the sun.
IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE #4
• PREVENTS Earth’s surface from being hit by most
meteoroids, or chunks of rock from outer space
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
•THE 4 MAIN LAYERS OF THE
ATMOSPHERE ARE CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO CHANGES IN
TEMPERATURE.
LAYERS OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
• 1. Troposphere
• 2. Stratosphere
• 3. Mesophere
• 4. Thermosphere
1. TROPOSPHERE
• The troposphere is the bottom layer of the atmosphere where temperature
decreases with an increase in altitude.
• GETS COLDER the HIGHER you go!
• LOWEST LAYER …… CLOSEST to the ground.
• Troposphere is where WEATHER occurs.
• THINNEST Layer of the atmosphere but contains almost all of the MASS of the
entire atmosphere. 16km thick at equator, 9km thick the poles.
2. STRATOSPHERE
• The STRATOSPHERE extends from the top of the
troposphere to about 50km above the Earth’s surface.
• Lower stratosphere is Colder then the Upper
Stratosphere.
• The UPPER STRATOSPHERE contains OZONE.
When ozone absorbs energy from the sun, the energy
is converted into HEAT, warming the air.
3. MESOSPHERE (MESO MEANS MIDDLE)
• The MESOSPHERE is above the stratosphere.
It
starts at 50km above the earth and ends at 80kms.
• Mesosphere is COLDER then the stratosphere.
• Outer Mesosphere it is -90 degrees.
• MESOPHERE protects Earth from being hit by
meteoroids. SHOOTING STARS when meteoroids are
burning up in mesosphere.
4. THERMOSPHERE
• The THERMOSPHERE is the outer most layer of the
atmosphere.
• It is above the Mesosphere and extends out into space.
Blends
into space. No set boundary
• VERY THIN air.
• IT IS VERY HOT!!
Thermo means heat! 1,800’ C.. Hotter then
furnace used to make steel. Suns energy hits Thermosphere
first. Nitrogen and oxygen convert energy into heat. BUT.. You
would not feel warm. Molecules are so spread out that there
are not enough of them to collide with a thermometer.
4. 2 LAYERS OF THE THERMOSPHERE
• 1. IONOSPHERE – Lower level of the Thermosphere.
• AURORA BOREALIS – caused by particles form the
sun that enter the ionosphere and then bounce back to
Earth’s surface. Oxygen and nitrogen begin to glow
• 2. EXOSPHERE – Outer level of the Thermosphere.
• Satellites orbit in exosphere.