Download Water Chemistry

WATER CHEMISTRY
WATER CHEMISTRY
• HARDNESS
• SALINITY
• TURBIDITY
• PH
• DISSOLVED OXYGEN
• NITRATE
• CARBON DIOXIDE
• NITRITE
• TEMPERATURE
• AMMONIA
HARDNESS
WHAT IS THE HARDNESS OF WATER?
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO MEASURE IT?
HARDNESS
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/hardness.html
• DEPENDENT ON THE AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN
THE WATER
• THE HIGHER THE AMOUNT, THE HARDER THE
WATER
WHY DOES THIS MATTER TO US?
Hardness
Mg/L of Particulates
Soft
0-60
Moderately Hard
61-120
Hard
121-180
Very Hard
180
TURBIDITY
• WHAT IS TURBIDITY?
• WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT TO MEASURE?
TURBIDITY
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/turbidity.html
• THE CLARITY OF THE WATER (VISIBILITY)
 HOW MUCH LIGHT CAN PENETRATE THE WATER
 THE PARTICULATES IN THE WATER
• MEASURED WITH SENSORS OR SECCHI DISKS
• USUALLY CLEARER WATER IS CLEANER BUT THAT DOES NOT MEAN THAT
DOES NOT ALWAYS CORRELATE WITH THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE
WATER
http://50.59.38.231/graphics/caring/water/secchi1.jpg
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)
• WHAT IS DISSOLVED OXYGEN?
• WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)
• AMOUNT OF OXYGEN DISSOLVED IN THE WATER
• EXCHANGE OF GASES HAPPEN BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND BODIES OF WATER ANY TIME
THERE IS TURBULENCE
• MEASURED WITH DO PROBES
• IMPORTANT FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE ORGANISMS
https://cyber-aquaculture.wikispaces.com/file/view/oxygen_process.png/148532025/oxygen_process.png
http://nj.gov/drbc/library/images/sotb2013/do_bf-bridge.jpg
SALINITY
• WHAT IS SALINITY?
• WHAT IS IT IMPORTANT?
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/estuaries01_whatis.html
SALINITY
THE AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED SALTS IN THE WATER
• FRESH WATER (0-0.5 PARTS PER THOUSAND)
• SALT WATER (35 PPT)
• BRACKISH WATER (35-0.5 PPT)
• MEASURED WITH SALINOMETER, REFRACTOMETER, OR
HYDROMETER (EXAMPLES ON TABLE)
• SALT WATER ORGANISMS CANNOT LIVE IN FRESH
WATER ORGANISMS (THERE ARE SOME EXCEPTIONS)
SALINITY OF MOST AREAS STAY CONSISTENT OTHER THAN
NATURALLY BRACKISH AREAS, WHY?
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Water_salinity_diagram.png
TEMPERATURE
• DIFFERENT ORGANISMS CAN LIVE IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGES
• SOME THRIVE IN WARM WHILE OTHERS THRIVE IN COOLER WATERS
• MEASURED BY THERMOMETER
PH (POWER OF HYDROGEN)
• WHAT IS PH?
• WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
PH (POWER OF HYDROGEN)
• MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF H+ (HYDROGEN IONS) AND OH- HYDROXYL IONS
• LOGARITHMIC SCALE, EVERY STEP IS 10X MORE THAN THE LAST
SCALE
O-6 (ACIDIC, H+>OH-)
7 (NEUTRAL, H+=OH-)
8-17 (H+<OH-)
• FRESH WATER PH = 6-8
• SEAWATER=7.5-8.5
http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/ph/
NITRATE, NITRITE, AMMONIA
NITRATE, NITRITE, AMMONIA
• NITROGEN PRODUCTS
• NITRATE-USED BY PHOTOSYNTHETIC
ORGANISM IN GROWTH (CAN BE TOXIC
IN HIGH AMOUNTS)
• NITRITE-TOXIC CONVERTED FORM OF
AMMONIA
• AMMONIA-TOXIC WASTE PRODUCT OF
MOST ORGANISM
http://fishkeepingadvice.com/wp-content/uploads/Nitrogen-Cycle-In-Aquarium1.jpg