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Tenth Social Studies
India: Relief Features
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India is located in the Northern Hemisphere of the globe. The main land of the
country lies between 8° 4' N and 37° 6' N latitude and 68° 7' and 97° 25' East
longitude. The location of India provides its vast diversity in climatic conditions.
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The Himalayas comprise three parallel ranges. They are the greater Himalayas,
the Lesser Himalayas and the Shivaliks. The famous valley of Kashmir, the
Kangra and Kulu are located in the Lesser Himalayas.
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The Indian Peninsula was a part of Gondwana land.
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The rivers Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra and their tributaries resulted in formation
of northern plain.
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The Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej are the tributaries of
river Indus.
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Chota Nagpur Plateau is rich in minerals.
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Lakes Chilka in Odisha and Kolleru, Pulicat in Andhra Pradesh are on the
Eastern coast.
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Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass lies to the south of the Narmada river.
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Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Nilgiris form Western, Eastern and Southern
boundaries of Deccan Plateau.
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Andaman and Nicobar islands are stretched in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep
islands in the Arabian Sea.
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Model Questions and Answers
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Q: What are the reasons for high density of population in the Indo-Gangetic
plain?
A: ★ Indo-Gangetic plains have high density of population because of various
reasons.
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★ The plains have fertile and alluvial soils, flat surface, slow moving perennial
rivers.
★ Favourable climate is also there.
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★ These plains have a close network of roads and railways which has led to
large-scale industrialization and urbanization.
★ Agriculture is the basic occupation and so more people settled there.
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★ Many tributaries of the rivers Ganga and Sindhu flow in these plains.
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★ Small streams also appear here.
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Q: What is the role of the Himalayas in influencing the climatic conditions of
India?
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A: ★ The Himalayas play a very significant role in influencing the climatic
conditions of India.
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★ These Himalayas protect the great plains of India from the cold winds of
central Asia.
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★ The Himalayas are the reason for summer rains and monsoon type climate in
regions that are beyond the Western Ghats of India.
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★ If Himalayas were not there, India would have remained drier.
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★ The Himalayan rivers have a perennial flow depending upon the glaciers.
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★ They make the plains very fertile by bringing a lot of silt.
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Q: What are the six major relief features?
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A: 1. The Himalayas
2. The Indo Gangetic Plain
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3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Coastal Plains
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5. The Desert
6. The Islands.
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Q: Write a brief note on the Peninsular Plateau.
A: ★ The Indian plateau is also known as the Peninsular plateau as it is
surrounded by the sea on three sides.
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★ It is mainly composed of the old crystalline, hard igneous and metamorphic
rock.
★ Large amounts of metallic and non metallic mineral resources are found in the
Indian plateau.
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★ The Peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions namely, the central
high lands and the Deccan Plateau.
★ Prominent plateaus here are Malwa plateau on the western side and towards
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the east there is the Chota Nagpur plateau.
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★ In comparison to the Gangetic plains the plateau region is dry. The rivers are
not perennial. The irrigation for the second crop depends on deep tube wells
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and tanks. Identify rivers that flow in the Northern side of central high lands.
Chota Nagpur plateau is rich in mineral resources.
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★ The portion of Peninsular plateau lying to the south of Narmada, a triangular
landmass is called the Deccan plateau.
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Q: What are the differences between the relief of the Himalayan region and the
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Peninsular plateau?
A: ★ Large amount of metallic and non metallic mineral resources are found in
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Peninsular plateau. Famous valleys and hill stations are there in the
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Himalayan region.
★ Himalayan rivers are perennial, peninsular rivers are seasonal.
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★ Himalayas are covered with snow and glaciers, while in peninsular plateau,
there are no glaciers and snow fall.
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★ The Peninsular plateau is generally composed of old crystalline rocks and
hard igneous and metamorphic rocks.
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★ The Himalayas are composed of sedimentary rocks which have been folded.
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Q: What are the 3 parts of the Coastal Plains?
A: The three parts of the Coastal Plains are
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1. Konkan Coast is in Maharashtra and Goa.
2. Canara Coast is in Karnataka.
3. Malabar Coast is the southern part mostly in Kerala.
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1.
Model Bits
Indian Standard Meridian passes through this city
1) Delhi
2) Hyderabad
3) Lucknow
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(Ans: 4)
4) Allahabad
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Glaciers are found in this range of mountains
(Ans: 3)
1) Shivaliks
2) Lesser Himalayas
3) Greater Himalayas
4) Aravali
1) Sedimentary sand stones
2) Alluvium
3) Gravel only
4) All the three
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The Purvanchal divisions of the Himalayas are mostly composed of..
(Ans:1)
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Writers: A. Laxman Rao
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