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Christianity Timeline Age of Persecution and Apostolic Fathers 125 150 Clement of Rome Ignatius Polycarp 190 Tertullian Justin Martyr Theophilus Irenaeus Tertullian Origen Clement The Didache - Sunday worship was norm Jerusalem Council 3 to 5 BC 50 Birth 1. Salvation by Grace of Lord Jesus of 2. Not by works, Judaism, not religion Jesus "Old Roman Creed" 150 First Form of Apostles' creed Affirmation of Essential Beliefs "Do you believe in God the Father..? Do you believe in Jesus Christ..? Do you believe in the Holy Ghost..?" Salvation X Good Works XI Christ's Sacrifice XII New Life in Christ #1 False Worship End Time Beliefs XIX Return of Christ XX Resurrestion XXI Judgment XXII Final Destiny XVIII Kingdom of God #3 The Lord's Day 1 Canon Crystalized 175 Books of New Testament Agreed Upon. 1. Apostolicity. 2. Able to edify 7 Books still Disputed: James, II Peter, II & III John, Jude, Hebrews, Revelation In 367 Athansius lists all 27. Books as Canonical. - Latter Councils agree. Scriptures V Sufficiency VI Authority VII New Testament Liturgies Formalized 200 1. Elders Bcome"ordained" to do liturgies 2. Sacraments of Baptism & Communion Ritualized a. Baptism by Immersion & Pouring (didache) b. Baptisms done at Easter & Pentecost c. Infant baptism accepted by 400 XVII The Holy Sacraments #6 War & Peace Christianity Timeline Roman Government Declines in Power -- As the Church Authority Increases 325 - Golden Age of "Scientific Bible Study" - Great Councils Decide Major Points of Theology Jerome - Vulgate Version -- Augustine-- Chrystosome -- Athanasius Persecution Intensifies 250 Results of Persecution: 1. No church property 2. Martyrs - witness great growth 3. System of Elders system of deacons 4. Lack of ability to meet and correct false teachings 250 - 350 Growth in Ascetism Anthony Toleration 311 Edict of Milan Council of Nicea Council of Constantinople 313 325 381 Constantine Trinity Nicene Creed Freedom for All 1. Arius - Jesus was created by God - Divine but not Deity. Religions 2. Athanasius - Christ was co-eternal, consubstantial, equal. 3. Eusebius - Compromise. Christianity Becomes the Official Religion of the State 395 This council went with the compromise, but over the next 60 years saw it was not to be compromised. Developed what we now call the Nicene Creed in 381, in Constantinople. GOD I. The Holy Trinity II. The Father III. The Son IV. The Holy Spirit 2 REFORM MOVEMENT Simeon Stylites Ascetic who sat on 60ft. Pillar for 30 years Christianity Timeline Council of Ephesus 431 Man's Part is Salvation 1. Pelagius - human will is invlolved - denied original sin, or man's depravity. 2. Augustine - God did it all. 3. Cassianus - Compromise Council went with a modified Augustine view stated like our Article VIII MAN VIII. A Free Moral Person Council of Chalcedon 451 Nature of Jesus 1. Antioch Theologians stressed "two natures" humanity - word - man 2. Alexandrian Theologians stressed divinity word - flesh The council did not try to go either way, but stressed the Biblical view that Jesus was fully God AND fully man, yet joined in one individual - "one person, one substance" Reform Movement Monastic Order (Communal) 480 - 543 St. Benedict 1. Rejection of wealthy "Government Church." 2. Rejection of the world's ways. 3. Dedication to: prayer and study. 4. Missionaries #15 Simplicity of Life #11 Stewardship of Possessions By this time 22 Articles of Religion were decided upon 3 Pope Gregory I 590 First "Pope" Bishop among Bishops 1. By now the Petrine theory accepted. Islam Begins 622 Mohammed 570 - 632 2. Warship becomes controlled and formalized a. Sacredotalism Priest is necessary to worship. b. Gregorian Chant 3. Mary worship begins "Mary never sinned" Christianity Timeline 962 Donation of Popin 754 Begins "Papal States" Church now enters the temporal Political arena. Roman Empire Ends - Rise in Feudalism Holy Roman Empire Begins Lasts 'til 1806 - Napoleon Charlemagne 800 Last of the Great Roman Emperors (7 ft. tall - a man of war) Otto Crowned 962 POPES now crown the Emperor and hold control 1050 Rome excommunicates Michael Cerularius, the Patriarch of Constantinople over affairs of state. Church begins to take hard line on reformers 1050 Scholasticism Begins "Doctors" of theology - an attempt to organize theology into a "system"-systematic theology 1. Anselm - "I believe in order that I may know"-FAITH IS PRIMARY 2. Abelard - "I know in order that I may believe" - REASON IS PRIMARY 3. Thomas Aquinas - synthesis of FAITH & Reason - Man is not totally depraved 4. Bacon - Scientific method 4 Reform Movement 1054 Mysticism Mysticism Reacts t Reacted Reacted to by a maj to Christianity Timeline EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH BEGINS Eastern Orthodox 1. Doesn't accept Rome's Authority 2. Allows marriage of Clergy. 3. Wants Easter to be on the right date - not day (Sunday) 4. Holy Spirit proceeds from Son - not Father & Son 5. From now on church changes very little PAPAL RULE College of Cardinal 1059 Election of Pope Pope Gregory VII 1073 Increased Papel Power Reform Movement Peak of Papal Power Crusades Begin 1075 First Crusade Took Jerusalem Waldenses 1184 Pete Waldo (Also excommunicted) 1. Wanted new "life" in worship from Moslems 2. Bible in vernacular Reacts to Scholasticism by a major movement in mysticism 1. Catherine of Siena saw visions about evils of clergy 2. Meister Eckhart fusion of human essence with divine essience in ecstatic experience 3. Thomas a Kempis - imitation of Christ 5 2nd Crusade 1187 3rd Crusade 1192 Inocent III 1198 Prime Example of Papal Power Philip & Ingeborg of France Interdict in 1200 closed churches Refrom Movement Friars 1210 Franciscans & Dominicans Poor Clares Franciscans begin Hospitals Dominicans begin Universities Stayed within the church as a reaction to cold reasonable scholasticism Christianity Timeline Eastern Orthodox Decrease in Papal Power / Increase in "Nastions" States --Strict celibate hierarchy causes decline in clergy morale and morals Children's Crusade 1212 4th Lateran Council 1215 Transubstantiation Life - giving sacrament controlled by Synod of Toulouse and 6th Crusade 1229 1. Forbade vernacular scriptures the church 2. Retook Jerusalem leaving the Mosque of Omar Tremendous power over Kings and commoners Gregory IX 1223 Commissioned the dominicans to punish heresy Roots of "Inquisition" Pope Boniface 1301 Make a last ditch Proclamation "Unam sanctum" Pope at Roman Church has spiritual and Temporal power over all, and submission to the Pope is "necessary for salvation." Papacy Moved to Avignon 1309 State Controlled Pope Lollards 1382 John Wycliff 1. Christ is head of Church. Roots of the Reformation 1401 Death penalty for being a Lollard 2. Bible in vernacular. 3. Opposed to transubstantiation 4. Forced to retire, but began "Lollard's" travelling preachers 1350 -- 1350 Renaissance -- Rena 6 Christianity Timeline Eastern Orthodox NATION STATES RULE Nations Support Reformation Nations Support Refor No more Papal Temporal No moreAuthority Papal Tempora THE REFORMATION 1415 John Huss, Wycliff student, burned at stake by the Reform Council 1431 Tried to change the Church Council of Constance Council of Florence 1439 Pope responds by increasing sacradotal sacraments. 7 Sacraments now all demanding a priest. Pius II 1460 Decreed: "No more reforming councils can be held." Columbus 1492 Erasmus 1516 Prints N.T. in Greek Original truths Luther's 95 Theses 1517 1. Scripture as Authority 2. Faith as means of salvation, not "transubstantiation" 3. Christ as Head of the Church Luther is Excommunicated 1520 now set free 4. Clean up the bribery and immoral clergy 5. Stop selling indulgences Until now refromation Until was now controlled refromation within was -controlled but now new within churches - but now begin! new c issance & Rebirth -- 1650 7 Christianity Timeline Eastern Orthodox mation l Authority Melanthon 1521 Reformation Theologian hurches begin! Lutherans 1. Change in worship: a. Preaching central - not mass. b. Vernacular congregational singing. 2. New Church government system. 3. Elementary education for children (S.S.) 4. Bible as Authoity. 5. Faith brings salvation. German N.T. 1522 Luther puts N.T. in vernacular Reform Attempt 1523 Reformation Result 1530 Augsburg Confession 29 Articles of Religion ANABAPTISTS Conrad Glebel contested infant baptism. Rebaptism required. 1526 Persecution by Drowning The Church XV The Church XVI The Language of Worship #8 Public Schools 8 1534 Henry VIII Act of Supremacy Act of Suprem Christianity Timeline Counter Reformation Eastern Orthodox ROMAN CATHOLICS 1540 Jesuits Ordained Lutheran Church of England -1. King is Head of Church 2. Roman theolgy 3. Bible in Engish macy 1545 Council of Trent 1. Added Apocryphal Books to Bible 2. Church, Bible, equal in authority 3. Faith AND works necessary for salvation 4. 7 sacraments reaffirmed 5. Transubstantiation reaffirmed 6. Purgatory begins 7. Pope is head of the Church Anglican -- American Episcopal John Calvin's "Institutes" 1536 Total Depravity -- God does it all Unconditional Election -- Double predestination Limited Atonement -- God saves only those elected Irresistable Grace -- If God chose you - you will be saved Perseverance of the Saints -- will never fall away Reformed Churches 1545 French Huguenots Anabaptists 9 Christianity Timeline Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Lutheran English Presbyterian Remain Calvinistic 1606 American Congregational Churches Religious Reformation 1549 1. Clergy can marry 2. Communion up to laity 3. Book of Common Prayer Veinacular Worship Religious Reformation 1563 39 Articles 1. Comunion, not transubstantiation 2. Bible as authority 3. Calvinian influence Puritans-Congregation-Baptist-Remain Calvinist 1567 Anglican Becomes Arminian High Church Arminius Not 1. Man is not totally depraved-He can respond to God 2. All can be saved-condition is out response 3. Atonement is universal 4. Grace can be resisted 5. Persons can fall away 1560 John Knox - Scottish Presbyterian French Huguenots Anabaptists - Mennonites XIV Restoration 10 Christianity Timeline Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Lutheran 1629 Mass Bay Congregatonalists 1616 Independent Baptists English Presbyterian American Congregational Independent Baptists REFORMER 1703 - 1791 John Wesley 1678 Quaker 1618 Reformed Churches Scottish Presbyterian United Presbyterian Dutch Reformed Mennonites 11 Christianity Timeline Eastern Orthodox 1854 Immaculate Conception Roman Catholic Lutheran 1870 Papal Infallibility English Presbyterian American Congregational Independent Baptists Anglican/Episcopal Anglican/Episcopal United Methodist 1. Armenian 2. Societies 1860 3. Early Christian 1791 Methodist 1. Spiritual Revival 2. Small group "societies" - Methodists 3. Social Welfare. 4. Remained an Anglican priest, but forbidden a pulpit. 5. Emphasis on Holy Spirit's Sanctifying work Quakers Methodist Scottish Presbyterian United Presbyterian Dutch Reformed French Huguenots Mennonites IX Law of Life & Love XII Entire Sanctification #4 Human Rights #2 Secret Societies #17 Christian Citizenship #16 Employer/ Employee #7 Cival Oaths #9 Discipline of the Body #10 Misuse of drugs 12 Christianity Timeline Eastern Orthodox 1961 Vatican II Roman Catholic Lutherans English Presbyterian American Congregational Independent Baptist Calvinian Congregational Anglican/Episcopal 1878 Salvation Army United Methodist Salvation Army Quakers Reformer B.T. Roberts 1. Injustice of Slavery FREE METHODIST CHURCH 2. Equality of Women 3. Lay Participation 4. Simplicity 5. Holy Spirit's Sanctifying work Scottish Presbyterian United Presbyterian Dutch Reformed Huguenots Mennonites B.T. Roberts kicked out of the Methodist Episcopal Church #13 Entertainment #18 Marriage and Family #14 Pornography #12 Gambling #5 The Sanctity of Human Life #19 Homosexual Behavior 13