Download Earth`s Interior

Lesson 2
Earth’s Interior
Predict three facts that will be discussed in Lesson 2 after reading the headings. Write your
predictions in your Science Journal.
Detail two methods that scientists use to study Earth’s interior.
Clues to Earth’s Interior
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.
.
1.
deep mines
wells
2.
Identify the changes in temperature and pressure that occur as
depth increases in the geosphere.
Temperature
increases
decreases
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.
Pressure
increases
decreases
Summarize how scientists use earthquake wave data to learn
about Earth’s interior.
Earthquake waves travel differently
through different kinds of materials.
Some waves
Other waves
cannot travel
change direction when
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
through certain materials.
they reach certain materials.
By studying how waves move, scientists are able to infer the
density
Earth’s Layers
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and
composition
of materials inside Earth.
Relate three facts about the outermost layer of Earth.
.
crust
Name of this layer:
least dense
Density relative to other layers:
Earthquake waves travel
the layer below.
faster
in this layer than in
Describe the 2 types of crust.
Continental
found under land; thicker
than oceanic crust
Oceanic
found under oceans;
thinner and denser than
continental crust
Earth’s Structure
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Lesson 2 | Earth’s Interior (continued)
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.
Organize information about the mantle in the table below.
Mantle
intermediate
Density
• Uppermost Mantle: with the crust forms a rigid layer
lithosphere
called the
Layers
• Asthenosphere:
that can slowly flow
plastic layer
• Upper Mantle and Lower Mantle: solid rock; the
thickest
layer;
keeps this layer from
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.
high pressure
melting
Explain how scientists know that the core has both a liquid
and a solid part.
Scientists learned that the outer core is liquid and the inner
earthquake waves
core is solid by studying
.
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Identify the source of Earth’s magnetic field, and describe how
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this field protects Earth from cosmic rays and charged particles
from the Sun.
The source of Earth’s magnetic field is the flow of molten
materials in the outer core. The outer part of the magnetic
field—the magnetosphere—traps some charged particles
and forms a shield around Earth, protecting Earth from the
Sun’s cosmic rays.
Explain why a peach is both a good and a poor model of Earth’s layers.
A peach is a good model because it has a thin skin that models Earth’s crust. The pit
in the center of the peach is like Earth’s core. The flesh of the peach is like Earth’s
thick mantle. A peach is not a good model because Earth’s outer core is liquid. The
peach’s “core” does not have a liquid part.
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Earth’s Structure
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Earth’s Core and
Geomagnetism