Download Ch10 Muscle part 1

CHAPTER 10 MUSCLE – part 1
muscles move bones
Muscles provide the force to move a body part by pulling a bone !
interactions of muscles
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prime mover = agonist
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the main muscle for a specific action
synergist
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helps the prime mover
same side of joint
fixator
- hold bone in place as agonist acts
antagonist
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opposite action to agonist
opposite side of joint
types of muscle contractions
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isotonic
muscle length changes
isometric
muscle length doesn’t change
arrangement of fascicles
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parallel
convergent
pennate
circular
note: seeing a muscle’s fibers tells you its action .
muscles contract along the axis of the fascicles.
muscle names
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name includes clues of location and action :
biceps brachii
arm
, 2 heads
biceps femoris
thigh , 2 heads
extensor carpi radialis
extends the wrist on side of the radius
brachioradialis
attaches arm (humerus) to radius
orbicularis oris
circular , mouth
gluteus maximus
gluteal area ; biggest muscle
spelling counts
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be careful of endings
-is
or
-us
axial musculature
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O and I on axial skeleton
move the head, neck, trunk, rib cage
maintain posture
• facial movement
• mastication and tongue
• swallowing
• neck
• back
• breathing
• abdominal wall
• pelvic floor
appendicular muscles
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insert on appendicular skeleton
move upper and lower extremity
stabilize pectoral or pelvic girdle
• scapula
• shoulder
• elbow
• forearm and hand
• hip
• knee
• leg and foot
what you need to know :
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name the muscle
action
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synergists
antagonists
origin
main attachments
insertion
main attachments
actions = ROM
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flexion / extension
lateral flexion (right, left)
rotation
(internal, external)
abduct / adduct
dorsiflex / plantarflex
supination / pronation
inversion / eversion
elevation / depression
protraction / retraction
muscle actions
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muscle act by shortening their fibers
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action based on :
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insertion moves toward origin
• they pull bones closer to each other
• side of joint it crosses
• direction of its fibers
what action ?
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anterior elbow
posterior elbow
anterior wrist , hand
posterior wrist , hand
anterior shoulder
posterior shoulder
medial shoulder
lateral shoulder
anterior neck
posterior torso
above scapula
elbow – anterior
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A:
_______________
biceps brachii
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O:
short head:
coracoid process
long head:
glenoid cavity
(through intertubercular groove)
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I:
radial tuberosity
brachialis
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O:
distal humerus (anterior)
I:
ulna , coronoid process
brachioradialis
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O:
distal humerus , lateral
I:
radius styloid
elbow – posterior
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A: ______________
triceps brachii
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O:
long head
lateral head
medial head
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I:
olecranon process
infraglenoid tubercle
lateral humerus
posterior humerus
anconeus
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O:
lateral epicondyle of humerus
I:
olecranon process
shoulder - anterior
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A: ______________
biceps
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O:
glenoid cavity (superior) ; coracoid
I:
radial tuberosity
coracobrachialis
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O:
coracoid process
I:
humerus shaft
pectoralis major
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O:
sternum , clavicle, ribs
I:
greater tubercle (humerus)
shoulder - posterior
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A: ______________
triceps
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O: long head
I:
infraglenoid tubercle
olecranon process
latissimus dorsi
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O:
L/S and lower T/S vertebrae
I:
intertubercular groove (through axilla)
shoulder - lateral
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A: ______________
deltoid
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O:
acromion , scapular spine , clavicle
I:
deltoid tuberosity
supraspinatus
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O:
supraspinous fossa
I:
greater tubercle (superior)
shoulder - medial
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A: ______________
pectoralis major
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O:
sternum , clavicle, ribs
I:
greater tubercle (humerus)
latissimus dorsi
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O:
L/S and lower T/S vertebrae
I:
intertubercular groove (posterior)
shoulder rotators
shoulder - rotators
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infraspinatus
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A: _____________
O:
infraspinous fossa
I:
greater tubercle (posterior)
teres minor
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A: _____________
O:
scapula , lateral border
I:
greater tubercle (posterior)
teres major
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A: _____________
O:
scapula , posterior / inferior
I:
lesser tubercle
subscapularis
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A: _____________
O:
subscapular fossa
I:
lesser tubercle (anterior)
rotator cuff
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action : stabilize shoulder ; rotate humerus
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
radius - ulna
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posterior
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supinator
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• I:
A: _____________
lateral epicondyle , humerus
proximal ulna
radius (posterior)
anterior
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A: _____________
pronator -
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teres
quadratus
ulna
radius (anterior)
forearm - anterior
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A:
_________________
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medial epicondyle
ulna , anterior
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carpals , metacarpals, phalanges
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
forearm - posterior
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A:
__________________
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lateral epicondyle
ulna and radius, posterior
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carpals , metacarpals, phalanges
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
extensor digiti minimi
hand
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know these terms:
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pollicis
indicis
digiti
digiti minimi
opponens
abductor, adductor, flexor, extensor
locate muscles – combinations of these terms
hand
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thenar emminence :
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abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
adductor pollicis
hypothenar emminence :
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abductor digit minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
palmaris brevis
intrinsic muscles
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interossei
adduct , abduct
lumbricals
flex/extend interphalangeal joints
what the action?
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abductor pollicis longus, brevis
adductor pollicis
extensor pollicis longus, brevis
flexor pollicis
opponens pollicis
extensor indicis
abductor digiti minini
opponens digiti minimi
flexor digit minimi
extensor digiti minimi
scapula
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trapezius , upper
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O:
occiput , cervical vert, ligamentum nuchae
I:
acromion, scapular spine, clavicle
A:
trapezius, middle and lower
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thoracic vertebrae
I:
scapular spine
A:
depress scapula
scapula
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levator scapulae
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O:
TP’s C1 – C4
I:
medial / superior scapula
A:
rhomboids
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major , minor
O:
SP’s C7 – T5
I:
medial border scapula
A:
scapula
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pectoralis minor
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O:
ribs 3-5 (anterior)
I:
coracoid process
A:
serratus anterior
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O:
ribs 1-8
I:
scapula , anterior
A:
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/aplab/Table_of_Contents/table_of_contents.html
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/cat_dissect/cat_demo/muscular_system/muscle_index.html