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USI.2 Geography Study Guide Continents (7): • A land mass that is completely surrounded by water on all sides o North America o South America o Africa o Asia o Australia o Antarctica o Europe § Europe is still considered a continent even though it is not entirely surrounded by water § The land mass of Europe can often be called Eurasia Oceans (5): • • A large body of salt water that surrounds a continent Covers 70% of the Earth’s surface o Atlantic Ocean o Pacific Ocean o Southern Ocean o Artic Ocean o Indian Ocean Map Skills: • • Compass Rose: shows cardinal directions o North, East, South, West § Remember Never Eat Soggy Worms! o Put one on every map! Lines of Longitude: o Run North and South o Think like long hair; runs up and down o Prime Meridian is the line of longitude that is at 0 degrees § Splits the world into Eastern and Western Hemisphere EURASIA USI.2 Geography Study Guide • Lines of Latitude: o Run East to West o Think Flatitude; runs flat like the horizon o Equator is the line of latitude that is at 0 degrees § Splits the world into Northern and Southern Hemisphere Landforms and Waterways: • • Land and water features have helped influence the course of events in our country’s history Waterways: o Lake: a body of fresh or salt water surrounded by land o River: large, flowing body of water that dumps into an ocean o Tributaries: stream that flows to a larger stream § Like a creek o Gulfs and Bays: a part of the ocean or sea that is partly surrounded by land § Ex. Gulf of Mexico • Landforms: o Mountains: a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land forming a peak at the top o Hills: a landform that extends above land smaller than a mountain; rounded top USI.2 Geography Study Guide o Islands: a piece of sub- continental land surrounded by water § Ex. Hawaii o Plateaus: a land area that has a high area right next to a lower flatter level § Common in the Coastal Range in California o Plains: a broad area of flat land • o Peninsulas: area of land almost completely surrounded by water except for a narrow strip of land connecting it with the mainland § Ex. Florida Geographic Features: o Related to the: § Patterns of trade § The locations of cities and towns § The westward (frontier) movement § Agricultural and fishing industries Geographic Regions of the United States: Going from East to West Sing: “Co, Co Coastal Plains, Appalachian Highlands, Canadian Shield, Interior Lowlands, and the Great Plains, Rock, Rock, Rocky Mountains, Basin and the Range, and now we end our song with Coastal Range” Region: Location: Description: Coastal Plain (7) Located along the Atlantic Broad lowlands providing Ocean and Gulf of Mexico many excellent harbors Appalachian Located west of the Coastal Old, eroded mountains Highlands (6) Plain; extending from eastern (oldest in the US) Canada to western Alabama; includes the Piedmont Canadian Shield (8) Wrapped around the Hudson Hills worn by erosion and Bay in a horseshoe shape hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers Interior Lowlands (5) Located west of Rolling flatlands with many Appalachian mountains and rivers, broad river valleys, and east of the Great Plains grassy hills Great Plains (4) Located west of Interior Flat lands that gradually Lowlands and east of the increase in elevation Rocky Mountains westward; grasslands • • USI.2 Geography Study Guide Rocky Mountains (3) Located west of the Great Plains and east of the Basin and the Range Basin and the Range (2) Located west of the Rocky Mountains and east of the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades Coastal Range (1) Located along the Pacific Coast; stretching from California to Canada Rugged mountains stretching from Alaska almost to Mexico; high elevation; contains the Continental Divide (determines the directional flow of rivers) Varying elevations containing isolated mountain ranges and Death Valley (lowest point in North America) Rugged mountains and fertile valleys USI.2 Geography Study Guide Water Features of the United States: • Atlantic Ocean: served as the highway for explorers, early settlers, and later immigrants • Ohio River: gateway to the west • Great Lakes: inland port cities grew in the Midwest on the shores of these lakes • Mississippi and Missouri Rivers (M&M): used to transport farm and industrial products; links to other US ports and parts of the world • Columbia River: explored by Lewis and Clark • Colorado River: explored by the Spanish • Rio Grande: forms the border with Mexico • Pacific Ocean: an early exploration destination • Gulf of Mexico: provided the French and Spanish with exploration routes to Mexico and other parts of America • St. Lawrence River: forms the northeastern border with Canada and connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean