Download Chapter 19 Section 3 The Holocaust

Chapter 19
Section 3 The Holocaust
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Chapter Objectives
Section 3: The Holocaust
• Describe Nazi prejudices against Jews and
early persecution of German Jews. 
• Explain the methods Hitler used to try to
exterminate Europe’s Jewish population.
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Guide to Reading
Main Idea
The Nazis believed Jews to be subhuman. They
steadily increased their persecution of Jews and
eventually set up death camps and tried to kill all
the Jews in Europe. 
Key Terms and Names
• Holocaust 
• Wannsee Conference 
• Shoah 
• concentration camp 
• Nuremberg Laws 
• extermination camp
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Nazi Persecution of the Jews
• The Nazis killed nearly 6 million Jews
and millions of other people during the
Holocaust. 
• The Hebrew term for the Nazi campaign
to exterminate the Jews before and
during World War II is Shoah. 
• The Nazis persecuted anyone who
opposed them, as well as the disabled,
Gypsies, homosexuals, and Slavic
peoples. 
• The Nazis’ strongest hatred was aimed
at all Jews.
(pages 595–598)
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Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)
• In September 1935, the Nuremberg
Laws took citizenship away from Jewish
Germans and banned marriage between
Jews and other Germans. 
• German Jews were deprived of many
rights that citizens of Germany had
long held. 
• By 1936 at least half of Germany’s
Jews were jobless.
(pages 595–598)
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Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)
• Anti-Jewish violence erupted throughout
Germany and Austria on November 9,
1938, known as Kristallnacht, or “night
of broken glass.” 
• Ninety Jews died, hundreds were
badly injured, thousands of Jewish
businesses were destroyed, and over
180 synagogues were wrecked.
(pages 595–598)
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Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)
• Between 1933 and the beginning of World
War II in 1939, about 350,000 Jews
escaped Nazi-controlled Germany. 
• Many of them emigrated to the United
States. 
• Millions of Jews remained trapped in
Nazi-dominated Europe because they
could not get visas to the United
States or to other countries.
(pages 595–598)
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Nazi Persecution of the Jews (cont.)
What factors limited Jewish immigration to the
United States?
Nazi orders limited Jews from taking more than
four dollars out of Germany. The United States had
laws restricting a visa to any one “likely to become
a public charge,” which many assumed the Jews
would become because they would have almost no
money if they left Germany. Immigration was
unpopular in the U.S. because unemployment was
high during the 1930s. The U.S. immigration policy
allowed only 150,000 immigrants annually.
(pages 595–598)
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The Final Solution
• On January 20, 1942, Nazi leaders met at
the Wannsee Conference to decide the
“final solution” of the Jews and other
“undesirables.” 
• The plan was to round up Jews and other
“undesirables” from Nazi-controlled
Europe and take them to concentration
camps–detention centers where healthy
individuals worked as slave laborers. 
• The elderly, the sick, and young children
were sent to extermination camps to be
killed in large gas chambers.
(pages 599–600)
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The Final Solution (cont.)
• After World War II began, Nazis built
concentration camps throughout Europe.

• Extermination camps were built in
many concentration camps, mostly in
Poland. 
• Thousands of people were killed each
day at these camps. 
• In only a few years, Jewish culture had
been virtually obliterated by the Nazis
in the lands they conquered.
(pages 599–600)
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The Final Solution (cont.)
What factors led to the Holocaust?
The German people’s sense of injury after
World War I; severe economic problems;
Hitler’s grip on the German nation; the lack
of strong tradition of representative
government in Germany; German fear of
Hitler’s secret police; and a long history of
anti-Jewish prejudice and discrimination in
Europe.
(pages 599–600)
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
C 1. a camp where prisoners were
sent to be executed
__
A 2. name given to the mass
slaughter of Jews and other
groups by the Nazis during
World War II
__
B 3. a camp where persons are
detained or confined
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A. Holocaust
B. concentration
camp
C. extermination
camp
Checking for Understanding (cont.)
List the groups of people who were
persecuted by the Nazis.
Jews, the disabled, Gypsies, homosexuals,
and Slavic peoples were persecuted by the
Nazis.
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Reviewing Themes
Civic Rights and Responsibilities
Do you think the German people or
other nations could have prevented
the Holocaust? Why or why not?
Answers will vary.
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Critical Thinking
Analyzing What are some factors that
attempt to explain the Holocaust?
Hitler’s dictatorship, European antiSemitism, propaganda, and fear are
some factors that explain the Holocaust.
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Analyzing Visuals
Analyzing Photographs Study the
photographs of the Final Solution on
pages 597–599 of your textbook. How
do the photographs show the systematic
destruction of Jewish life?
The photographs show stages of Hitler’s
campaign, from civil discrimination and
violence to deportation to camps.
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Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)
What were four ways that Nazis
persecuted Jews?
Nazis took away their civil liberties,
seized their property, imprisoned them,
and killed them.
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World History In addition to the Jews, millions
of others were exterminated by the Nazis. To
learn more about how the Poles were treated
by the Nazis, read Forgotten Holocaust: The
Poles Under German Occupation, 1934-1944,
by R. C. Lukas (Lexington, Kentucky, 1986).
The Battle of Dunkirk Hitler’s invasion of Poland fueled the fears of
Americans who preferred not to become involved in Europe’s conflict.
In contrast, the evacuation from Dunkirk less than a year later
generated very different reactions. For example, soon after the
evacuation, the New York Times wrote:
“So long as the English tongue survives, the word Dunkirk will be
spoken with reverence. For in that harbor, in such a hell as never
blazed on earth before, at the end of a lost battle, the rages and
blemishes that have hidden the soul of democracy fell away. There,
beaten but unconquered, in shining splendor, she faced the enemy.”
Indeed, the Battle of Dunkirk would soon help to lift the United States
out of its isolationism.
Despite the success of the evacuation of Dunkirk, Churchill warned
Parliament, “Wars are not won by evacuations.”
Complete Destruction Holocaust means a
sacrifice consumed by fire, especially a
complete or thorough sacrifice or destruction.
Holocaust Stories
Objectives
After viewing “Holocaust Stories,” you should: 
• Understand and empathize with the suffering people
underwent during the Holocaust. 
• Appreciate the courage of
Holocaust survivors as well as
that of people bound by their
conscience to save others. 
• Accept that it is important for
young people to learn the
lessons of the Holocaust in
order to be on guard against
comparable atrocities.
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Holocaust Stories
Discussion Questions
Why does Lisa Derman feel it is
important to speak out on behalf of those
who didn’t survive the Holocaust?
They weren’t just numbers, but people
whose lives and dreams were snuffed out
by hatred.
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Holocaust Stories
Discussion Questions
According to Lisa Derman, what is the
lesson of the Holocaust?
People must dedicate themselves not to
be silent bystanders when enormous evils
are committed.
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