Download Unit 3 CH 6 Religion Notes

Name _______________________
CH 6 Religion
Rubenstein – pages 168-205
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ezekiel 25:17.
"The Path of the Righteous Man Is Beset on All Sides by The Inequities of the Selfish and the
Tyranny of Evil Men. Blessed is he who, in the name of charity and good will, shepherds the
weak through the valley of darkness, for he is truly his brother's keeper and the finder of
lost children. And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger
those who attempt to poison and destroy my brother. And you will know I am the Lord
when I lay my vengeance upon you." – Samuel L. Jackson - Pulp Fiction
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Islam
(Sunni, Shiite, etc)
Universalizing Religions
1. The three main universalizing religions are _________________ _________________ _______________
2. A _______________________________ is a large and fundamental division within a religion.
3. A _______________________________ is a division of a branch that unites a number of local
congregations in a single legal and administrative body.
4. A _______________________________ is a relatively small group that has broken away from an
established denomination.
Christianity
5. Christianity has about ________________________ adherents, far more than any other
world religion and has the most widespread distribution. It is the predominant religion in
(4)___________________________________________and countries with a Christian majority
exist in Africa and Asia as well.
6. The three major branches of Christianity are: ________________ _________________ _______________
7. Approximately what percentage of people in the Western Hemisphere are Christian? ___________________
Islam
8. Islam, the religion of __________________________________, is the predominant religion of the Middle
East from North Africa to Central Asia.
9. Half of the world’s Muslims live in four countries outside the Middle East:
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
10. Islam in Arabic means ____________________________________________________
11. An adherent of the religion of Islam is known as a ______________________, which in Arabic means
one who surrenders to God.
Crescent Moon & Star
The Noble 8 fold path
Buddhism
Right Belief
12. Buddhism, the third of the world’s
major universalizing religions, has
Right
Speech
Right
Livelihood
Right
Mindfulness
___________________ adherents,
especially in China & SE Asia.
Right
Aspiration
Right
Conduct
Right
Effort
Right
Meditation
Dharma Wheel
13. The foundation of Buddhism is
represented by these concepts, known as the
14. The three main branches of Buddhism are;
__________________
56% of total
(China, Japan, Korea)
15. TRUE or FALSE
_____________________ ___________________
38% of total
6%
(SE ASIA)
(Tibet & Mongolia)
Someone can both be a Buddhist and a believer
in other Eastern Religions, whereas Christianity
and Islam both require exclusive adherence.
13. ________________________ and ________________________ are the two other universalizing religions.
(23 million-India)
(7 million - Africa & Asia)
14. Sikhism’s first guru (religious
teacher or enlightener) was
_______________________
15. TRUE or FALSE
Khanda
9 pointed Star
Sikh Men wear turbans on their heads
and never cut their beards or their hair.
16. The Bahá’i religion was founded in Shíráz, ______________, in 1844 by Siyyid Ali Muhammad, known as the Báb.
Ethnic Religions
17. ______________________ is the 3rd largest religion,
behind Christianity and Islam with ___________________ adherents.
18. _________________ percent of Hindus are
concentrated in one country, ___________________________.
Aum
19. Hindus comprise _____________________ of the population of India.
20. TRUE or FALSE
Hinduism does not have a central authority or a single holy book
21. ________________________________-founded by Confucius (551-479 BC) in China:
Ethical principles for the orderly conduct of daily life in China, such as following
traditions, fulfilling obligations, and treating others with sympathy and respect.
22. ________________________________-founded by Lao Tse (604-531BC)
emphasized the mystical and magical aspects of life.
Shui
23. Daoists seek ______________________ which means the way or path
23. TRUE or FALSE
Daoism was officially banned in China in 1949
Yin-yang
24. ________________________________ ethnic religion of Japan
Forces of nature are believed to be divine (Sun, Moon, Rivers, Trees, Rocks, Mountains, Animals)
25. _____________________________-first recorded monotheistic religion
26. There are ____________________ Jews in the United States,
______ million in Israel, 2 million in the former Soviet Union,
and 2 million elsewhere.
27. Who is considered the father of Judaism? ____________________
Star of David
Torii Gate
28. DEFINE Monotheism –
29. DEFINE Polytheism –
Animist symbol
30. DEFINE Animism –
Origin of Religions
Christianity
31. Christianity was founded upon the teachings of _______________________, who was born in Bethlehem
between 8 and 4 BC, and died on a cross in Jerusalem about 30 AD.
32. Christians believe that Jesus died to atone for human _________________, that he was raised from the
dead by God, and that his ________________________ from the dead provides people with hope for salvation.
33. What is the title given to the head of the Roman Catholic hierarchy? ______________________________
34. Eastern Orthodox Christianity split from Roman Catholic Church officially in _____________________
35. Protestantism originated with the principles of the ____________________ in the 16th Century. (Martin Luther)
Islam
36. Jews and Christians trace their story through ________________ original wife Sarah and her son ________
Muslims trace their story through his second wife Hagar and her son ____________________.
37. __________________________ was born in Makkah (Mecca) about ________________________.
38. The holiest book in Islam is called the _____________________, written in ______________________
39. Differences between the two main Islamic branches ______________________ and __________________
go back to the earliest days of Islam and basically reflect disagreement over the line of succession in Islamic leadership.
Buddhism
40. The founder of Buddhism ___________________________________ was born about 563 BC in present
day Nepal near the border of India.
41. What did Gautama encounter on each of his four trips?
_______________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________
42. _________________________ is the older of the two largest branches – means “the way of the elders)
43. __________________________ the second largest branch – means “the bigger ferry or raft”
Diffusion of Religions
Christianity
44. Christianity first diffused from its hearth in ______________________ through _____________________
45. ______________________-individuals who help to transmit a universalizing religion through relocation
diffusion – carried the teachings of ______________________ along the Roman Empire’s protected sea routes
and excellent road network to people in other locations.
46. Christianity spread widely within the Roman Empire through __________________________________.
Daily contact between believers in the towns and nonbelievers in the surrounding countryside.
47. _______________________ is a follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.
48. The dominance of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire was assured during the 4th century through
________________________-acceptance of the religion by the empire’s key elite figure-Emperor Constantine-313AD
49. ______________________ & ____________________ by Europeans since the year 1500 has extended
Christianity to other regions of the world.
50. Through ____________________________________ of Europeans, Christianity became the dominant
religion in North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand – conversion of indigenous pop. & intermarriage
Islam
51. Islam spread over extensive areas of Africa, Asia, and Europe b/c of
A. agricultural practices
B. military conquests
52. How did Islam reach Indonesia, the world’s 4th largest country? _______________________________
Buddhism
53. TRUE or FALSE
Buddhism diffused rapidly from its hearth in NE India.
54. In the 1st century_______________ along the trading routes from NE India introduced Buddhism to____________
55. Buddhism further diffused from China to _________________ and from Korea to ___________________
Judaism
56. In what year was Israel created? __________________________
57. TRUE or FALSE
Most Jews lived in the Eastern Mediterranean before the creation of Israel anyways
58. Define Ghetto59. Where & When did the term “Ghetto” originate? ____________________________________________
60. Today about ________% of the world’s 14 million Jews live in Europe, compared to __________% a century ago.
Holy Places
61. DEFINE PILGRIMAGE—
Holy places for Christians
Jerusalem
Vatican City – home of the Pope
St. Peter’s Basilica
Roman Catholic
62. ______________________ and ______________________ are the universalizing religions that place the
most emphasis on identifying shrines. Places are holy because they are the locations of important events in the
life of ___________________ or __________________________.
Buddhist Shrines
63. How many places are holy to Buddhists b/c they were the locations of important events in Buddha’s life? _________
64. Most important is ____________________ in southern Nepal – Buddha’s birthplace around 563 BC
65. 2nd most important is _______________________-where Buddha reached perfect wisdom.
66. 3rd most important is ______________________ in Sarnath, where Buddha gave his first sermon.
67. 4th most important is ______________________-wehre Buddha died at age 80 and passed into nirvana
68. The four other sites were the locations of Buddha’s principal __________________________.
-multiple images of himself
-ascended to heaven
-tamed a wild elephant -announcement of his death
Islam
69. The holiest city for Muslims is
_____________________________ the birthplace of Muhammad
70. The holiest object in Islam is the _______________________ - a cubelike structure encased in silk, which
stands at the center of the Great Mosque, al-Haram al-Sharif. The Ka’ba thought to have been built by
Abraham and Ishamael, contains a _____________________________given to Abraham by Gabriel as a sign
of the covenant with Ishmael and the Muslim people.
71. TRUE or FALSE
The Ka’ba had been a religious shrine in Mecca for centuries before the origin of Islam
72. The al-Haram mosque also contains the well of _______________________, considered to have the same
water sources as that was used by Ishmael and Hagar when they were wandering in the desert after their exile from Canaan.
73. The second most holy location in Islam is ________________________________________
The third most holy location in Islam is Jerusalem
74. Every healthy Muslim who has adequate financial resources is expected to undertake a________________,
called a ______________________ to Mecca.
75. How many Muslims participate in the Hajj every year from countries other than Saudi Arabia? __________
Sikhism
76. Sikhism’s most holy structure, the __________________________,
or ______________________ was built at ________________________,
in the Punjab, by Arjan-the fifth guru, during the 7th century.
Hinduism
77. Hindus consider a pilgrimage, known as a tirtha, to be an act of __________________________________.
78. Mt. Kailas, located at the source of the __________________ in the Himalayas is holy b/c Siva lives there.
79. Hindus believe that they achieve ______________________
by bathing in holy ____________________.
80. The __________________ is the holiest river in India, b/c
it is supposed to spring forth from the hair of Siva.
The Calendar
READ THIS SECTION AND TAKE NOTES ON IT. KNOW THE IMPORTANT VOCABULARY
TERMS AND HOW DIFFERENT RELIGIONS USE CALENDARS. KNOW ESPECIALLY THE
IDEA OF THE SOLSTICE, WHAT IT IS, AND EXAMPLES OF ITS OBSERVATION. FIVE POINTS.
PLACES OF WORSHIP
Christianity _________________________
Islam __________________________
Hinduism ___________________________
Buddhism & Shinto _________________________
Bahá’á _____________________________
SACRED SPACE
Christians, Muslims, and Jews usually bury their dead in a specially designated area called a _______________
Hindus practice _____________________ rather than burial. The body is washed with water from the Ganges
River and then burned with a slow fire on a funeral pyre.
To strip away unclean portions of the body – Zoroastrians expose the dead to __________________________-
ADMINISTRATION OF SPACE
A __________________________________ has a well-defined structure and organizes territory
Roman Catholic Hierarchy – The Pope  ___________________  Bishops  ______________________
An___________________________ does not have a central authority but shares ideas & cooperates informally
TRUE or FALSE
Islam provides the most local autonomy among the three large universalizing religions
Judaism and Hinduism also have no ___________________________ structure of religious control.
RELIGION VS. GOVERNMENT POLICIES
TRUE or FALSE
The US Government initially supported the Taliban when they gained power in
Afghanistan in 1996.
What is the Hindu caste system? _____________________________________________________________
What are the names of the four main castes? ____________________________________________________
What is another name for the outcasts (or those outside of the four main Hindus castes)?_________________
TRUE or FALSE
The caste system is still LEGAL in India.
Which three religions were most affected by the challenges faced by the rise of communism?
What did Karl Mark call religion? _______________________________________________________
TRUE or FALSE
On a number of occasions, Buddhists during the Vietnam War immolated (burned)
themselves to protest polices of the government.
RELIGION VS. RELIGION
TAKE YOUR OWN NOTES FOR THIS SECTION. BE SURE TO INCLUDE INFORMATION FROM
THE MAIN HEADINGS, AND BE FAMILIAR WITH EVENTS IN IRELAND, JERUSALEM, THE
CRUSADES, AND ONGOING CONFLICT BETWEEN JEWS AND MUSLIMS IN PALESTINE AND
THE HOLY LAND (MODERN ISRAEL AND SURROUNDING AREAS). TEN POINTS.