Download Unit 3: Imperialism and World War I

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Subject(s)
Social Studies
Conceptual Lenses
Grade/Course American History 2
Unit of Study
Unit Title
Pacing
Unit 3: Global Markets, U.S. Imperialism,
Spanish-American War, U.S. Foreign Policy,
and WWI (3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3)
“Imperialism and WWI”
8 Days




Trade
Imperialism
Foreign Policy
War
Unit Overview
The third unit of American History 2 examines American Imperialism and World War I through the
lenses of trade, imperialism, foreign policy, and war.
Global Trade, Imperialism, and the Spanish American War
By the mid to late 19th Century, industrialized countries turned to imperialism to satisfy their needs for
natural resources and new trade markets. Although the United States was slow to adopt imperialistic
policies, it did acquire Alaska as part of its “Manifest Destiny” expansion and had developed a
significant presence in Hawaii. By the end of the 19th Century, American planters in Hawaii and the
U.S. military pushed for the annexation of Hawaii. By 1897, the United States had annexed Hawaii
and was on its way to becoming a global imperial power.
While the annexation of Hawaii was in process, the United States continued to keep its eye on Cuba.
With its close proximity to the United States and excellent sugar plantations, Cuba was an American
entrepreneur’s dream. By 1886, there were several American financed sugar plantations located in
Cuba. In 1895, Cuba moved to gain independence from Spain. The resulting war left Americans split
on how to react.
While the American press used “yellow journalism” to get the United States to intervene on behalf of
Cuba, Americans with business interests in Cuba wanted the United States to protect their business
interests by supporting Spain. In the end, the “yellow journalism” tactics worked and the United States
went to war with Spain. By the end of the war, Cuba would be an independent nation and the United
States would be a new global imperial power.
Foreign Policy
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States gained additional territory in the Pacific
and Caribbean. Managing these new territories became the focus of the Progressive Presidents’
foreign policies. Each Progressive President, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, developed different
approaches to rule these territories and protect the economic interests of the United States.
World War I
Industrialized countries had turned to imperialism to gain resources and expand their trade markets.
In order to protect their foreign interests, they expanded their militaries and formed alliances. By
1914, tensions throughout the world had escalated and resulted in war.
While most citizens in the United States sided with the Allied Powers, the overall push was for the
United States to remain neutral. After all, the war was happening “over there.” Instead of taking sides
in the war, the United States became the go to country for supplies. Trade with Britain and France
increased dramatically, actually resulting in a labor shortage in the United States. But, trade with
Europe would have problems as both Britain and Germany established blockades and Germany had
begun using U-boats to sink British ships. Eventually, the United States would be drawn into war.
Once involved in World War I, the United States government used propaganda to gain support from
citizens. Men were encouraged to join the fight and help protect democracy. Those at home rationed
goods and bought war bonds. Patriotism was heightened and those that disagreed with the war faced
increased government scrutiny. With the help of the United States, the Allied Powers won the war.
Post World War I (1)
When World War I ended, the United States found itself in a peculiar position. Although the United
States was part of the treaty negotiations, there was disagreement between the U.S. government’s
executive and legislative branches on the terms of the treaty. The legislature worried the treaty’s
harsh punishment of Germany and U.S. involvement in the League of Nations (based on President
Wilson’s 14 Points) would end up hurting the United States. In the end, the United States failed to join
the League of Nation and shifted its foreign policy to isolationism.
In addition to the political disagreements over the Treaty of Versailles, the United States was facing
serious domestic issues. With the war over, foreign demand for goods waned. This resulted in an
economic recession and labor tensions. The recession and labor tensions, coupled with the rise of
communism in Europe, helped ignite a Red Scare. The U.S. government began searching for
communists and anarchists in an effort to protect the American way of life. This overwhelming fear of
“foreign influence” resulted in a rise of nativism.
Unit Enduring Understanding(s)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Competition for natural resources and trade
markets can lead to imperialism.
A nation’s foreign policies are developed to
benefit the nation economically and
politically.
Wars and their outcomes can impact a
nation’s foreign policy.
Wars and their outcomes can impact a
nation’s domestic policy.
Unit Essential Question(s)
1.
2.
3.
4.
How can the desire to increase trade lead
to imperialism?
Why would a country create a foreign
policy that would infringe on the rights and
principles of other people or nations?
How can war impact a nation’s foreign
policy?
How can war impact a nation’s domestic
policy?
Essential State Standards
Priority Objectives
AH2.H.3.1 Analyze how economic, political,
social, military and religious factors influenced
United States imperialism. (only unit addressing
this objective)
AH2.H.6.1 Explain how national economic and
political interests helped set the direction of
United States foreign policy since Reconstruction.
Supporting Objectives
AH2.H.8.3 Evaluate the extent to which a variety
of groups and individuals have had opportunity to
attain their perception of the “American Dream”
since Reconstruction.
AH2.H.6.2 Explain the reasons for United States
involvement in global wars and the influence each
involvement had on international affairs.
AH2.H.7.1 Explain the impact of wars on
American politics since Reconstruction.
AH2.H.7.2 Explain the impact of wars on the
American economy since Reconstruction.
AH2.H.7.3 Explain the impact of wars on
American society and culture since
Reconstruction.
“Unpacked” Concepts
(students need to know)
“Unpacked” Skills
(students need to be able to do)
COGNITION
(RBT Level)
AH2.H.3.1
 how economic, political,
social, military and religious
factors influenced United
States imperialism
AH2.H.3.1
 Analyze (influence)
AH2.H.3.1
 Analyzing
AH2.H.6.1
 how national economic and
political interests helped set
the direction of United States
foreign policy
AH2.H.6.1
 Explain (interests)
AH2.H.6.1
 Understanding
AH2.H.6.2
 reasons for United States
involvement in global wars
and the influence each
involvement had on
international affairs
AH2.H.6.2
 Explain (reasons and
influence)
AH2.H.6.2
 Understanding
AH2.H.7.1
 impact of wars on American
politics
AH2.H.7.1
 Explain (impact)
AH2.H.7.1
 Understanding
AH2.H.7.2
 Explain (impact)
AH2.H.7.2
 Understanding
AH2.H.7.3
 Explain (impact)
AH2.H.7.3
 Understanding
AH2.H.7.2
 impact of wars on the
American economy
AH2.H.7.3
 impact of wars on
American society and culture
Standard(s)
Unit
“Chunking” &
Enduring
Understandings
AH2.H.3.1
Analyze how
economic,
political, social,
military and
religious factors
influenced
United States
imperialism.
AH2.H.6.1
Explain how
national
economic and
political
interests helped
set the direction
of United States
foreign policy
since
Reconstruction.
AH2.H.6.2
Explain the
reasons for
United States
involvement in
global wars and
the influence
each
involvement had
on international
affairs.
AH2.H.7.1
Global Trade,
Imperialism, and
the Spanish
American War
Trade relations
can impact a
country’s global
power and
authority.
Suggested
Lesson
Essential
Questions
Possible Factual
Content
(Bold Found in
Standards)
 Trade Markets
- desire for
* commercial
interests
- expansionism
- power and authority
* England
* Germany
* Russia
* Japan
How can a
* United States
desire for
- US foreign policy
increased global
- Open Door Policy
trade impact the
in China
distribution of
- industrialization
power and
- foreign imperialism
authority of
 U.S. Imperialism
industrialized
Begins
countries?
- territory
* Alaska
* Hawaii
- American defense
and objection
* religious, racial,
national honor
* Albert Beverige
* Josiah Strong
* Alfred Thayer
Mahan
~ The Influence
of Sea Power
upon History
* Mark Twain
* William Jennings
Bryan
~ AntiImperialism
League
* jingoism
- reaction of
Hawaiians
Example(s)
From
Unpacked
Standard
How the desire
for new trade
markets by
industrialized
countries like
England,
Germany,
Russia, Japan
and the United
States
impacted the
distribution of
global power
and authority at
the onset of the
20th Century.
How and why
the United
States gained
territory and
influence in the
Pacific leading
up to and as a
result of the
Spanish
American War.
How trade and
commercial
interests in
East Asia led to
the
development of
the Open Door
Policy in China.
How and why
various
Americans
used religion,
race and
national honor
to both defend
and object to
United States
imperialism.
Explain the
impact of wars
on American
politics since
Reconstruction.
AH2.H.7.2
Explain the
impact of wars
on the American
economy since
Reconstruction.
AH2.H.7.3
Explain the
impact of wars
on American
society and
culture since
Reconstruction.
Changes in a
nation’s power
and authority
can have an
impact on
foreign and
domestic
relations.
 U.S. Imperialism
- American defense
and objection
* religious, racial,
national honor
* Albert Beverige
* Josiah Strong
* Alfred Thayer
Mahan
~ The Influence
What was the
of Sea Power
foreign and
upon History
domestic impact
* Mark Twain
of the increased
* William Jennings
global presence
Bryan
of the United
~ AntiStates?
Imperialism
League
 Spanish-American
War
- involvement
* economic reasons
* political reasons
* foreign aggression
~ U.S.S. Maine
* role of newspapers
~ yellow journalism
* Rough Riders
* Teller Amendment
- impact on U.S.
* foreign policy
* commerce
* industry
- outcome
* U.S. imperial
power
* acquisitions
~ Samoa
~ Philippines
How economic
and political
aims led to the
United States
involvement in
the SpanishAmerican War.
How
communication
technologies
and mediums,
such as
newspapers,
television, film
and radio
influenced
American
patriotism and
propaganda
during warfare.
How the results
of the Spanish
American War
and the global
imperial
presence of the
United States
impacted
American
commerce and
industry.
~ Guam
* Platt Amendment
* White Man’s Burden
- reaction of other
nations and citizens
* Cubans
* Puerto Ricans
* Filipinos
AH2.H.3.1
Analyze how
economic,
political, social,
military and
religious factors
influenced
United States
imperialism.
AH2.H.6.1
Explain how
national
economic and
political
interests helped
set the direction
of United States
foreign policy
since
Reconstruction.
AH2.H.3.1
Analyze how
economic,
political, social,
military and
religious factors
influenced
United States
imperialism.
Foreign Policy
Leaders may
use different
tactics when
developing
foreign policy.
World War I
A country may
shift its foreign
policy during war
to protect its
political and
economic
interests.
How did the
Progressive
Presidents
respond to the
United States
role as an
imperial power?
 Foreign Policy
- Presidential
Administrations
* Roosevelt
- Panama Canal
- Roosevelt
Corollary
- Big Stick
Diplomacy
* Taft
- Dollar Diplomacy
* Wilson
- Missionary
Diplomacy
- Monroe Doctrine
- Latin American and
Caribbean interests
- sphere of influence
 Beginning WWI
- U.S. foreign policy
* shifts
Why did the
~ neutrality
United States
~ interventionism
shift its foreign
- mobilization to
policy of
support Allies
neutrality to join
 Joining WWI
the Allied
- involvement
Powers in World
* foreign aggression
War I?
How the
leaders and
citizens of
other nations
reacted to the
expansion of
United States
power and
influence within
their countries
and others.
How United
States
Presidents and
their
administrations
developed and
implemented
imperial foreign
policy and
strategies.
How and to
what extent
economic and
political
interests in
Latin America
and the
Caribbean
guided the
foreign policies
of Theodore
Roosevelt,
William Howard
Taft, and
Woodrow
Wilson.
How the desire
for new trade
markets by
industrialized
countries like
England,
Germany,
Russia, Japan
and the United
States
impacted the
AH2.H.6.1
Explain how
national
economic and
political
interests helped
set the direction
of United States
foreign policy
since
Reconstruction.
~ Lusitania
~ Zimmerman Note
* Allied Powers
* “world safe for
democracy”
- soldiers
* fight for freedom
and democracy
AH2.H.6.2
Explain the
reasons for
United States
involvement in
global wars and
the influence
each
involvement had
on international
affairs.
A nation’s
government may
use a variety of
AH2.H.7.2
tactics to ensure
support for the
Explain the
nation’s
impact of wars
involvement in
on the American war.
economy since
Reconstruction. Citizens will
often mobilize
AH2.H.7.3
and
economically
Explain the
sacrifice to
impact of wars
support the
on American
nation’s
society and
involvement in
culture since
war.
Reconstruction.
How and why
American
foreign policy
shifted from
neutrality to
interventionism
at the
beginning of
World War I.
How and why
the United
States joined
with the Allied
Powers to end
World War I.
How American
political leaders
used foreign
aggression as
opportunities to
prepare and
request war.
AH2.H.7.1
Explain the
impact of wars
on American
politics since
Reconstruction.
distribution of
global power
and authority at
the onset of the
20th Century.
 Supporting WWI
- patriotism
* rationing
~ Meatless
How did the
Tuesdays
government and
~ Wheatless
citizens of the
Wednesdays
United States
* war bonds
respond to the
* economic sacrifice
United States
* role of
involvement in
communication
World War I?
technologies
~ newspaper
~ film
~ radio
- propaganda
* Committee on
How the United
States
government
used
propaganda to
appeal to
American
patriotism and
sell the nation’s
war efforts.
How and to
what extent
Americans
mobilized and
economically
sacrificed on
Public Information
* Four-Minute Men
- mobilization
- literature, art, music,
pop culture
* fear, anxiety,
dissent
- restrict civil liberties
* Espionage and
Sedition Acts
* Schenck v. US
* German Americans
- rise of intelligence
services
* FBI
- women
* impact roles
and perception
* 19th Amendment
- African Americans
* contributions to
war
* influence civil
rights
* Great Migration
AH2.H.6.1
Post World War I
Explain how
national
economic and
political
interests helped
set the direction
of United States
foreign policy
since
Reconstruction.
AH2.H.6.2
Explain the
reasons for
United States
involvement in
A country may
shift its foreign
policy as a result
of treaty
negotiations.
How did the
rejection of
President
Wilson’s 14
Points and the
Treaty of
Versailles affect
United States
foreign policy?
 End of WWI
- Treaty of Versailles
* impact on U.S.
politics and
foreign policy
* War Guilt Clause
 Wilson’s Fourteen
Points
- rejection by Allies
- League of Nations
- Henry Cabot Lodge
and Lodge
Reservations
 Foreign Policy
- effect of Fourteen
Points failure
- shift to isolationism
behalf of allied
and national
efforts in world
wars.
How and why
United States
involvement in
world wars and
the
contributions of
women during
times of war
impacted the
perceptions
and roles of
women in
American
society.
How, why and
to what extent
the federal
government
restricted the
civil liberties of
various groups
of Americans
during times of
war.
How and why
Allied countries
of World War I
rejected
Woodrow
Wilson’s
Fourteen
Points and how
that affected
United States
politics
between world
wars.
global wars and
the influence
each
involvement had
on international
affairs.
How and why
American
foreign policy
shifted to
isolationism
after World
War I.
AH2.H.7.1
______________ _____________ ____________________
Explain the
impact of wars
on American
politics since
Reconstruction.
AH2.H.7.2
Countries often
face economic
and social
adjustments after
involvement in
war.
Explain the
impact of wars
on the American
economy since
Reconstruction.
Why were there
economic and
social problems
in the United
States after
World War I
ended?
 Labor Unrest
- impact economy
- impact society
 Red Scare
- nativism
- anarchy
* Sacco and
Vanzetti case
- communism
- intelligence
services
- J. Edgar Hoover
* Palmer Raids
 Spanish Flu
AH2.H.7.3
How and why
labor unrest
and strikes
occurred during
and after
United States
involvement in
world wars and
how labor
activity
impacted the
economy and
society.
How, why and
to what extent
Americans
feared the
spread of
communism
and how that
fear impacted
American
culture in “Red
Scares” after
World War I
and World War
II.
Explain the
impact of wars
on American
society and
culture since
Reconstruction.
HISTORY
Conflict
Leadership
____________
GEOGRAPHY
Natural Resources
CIVICS &
GOVERNMENT
Domestic Policy
Individual Rights
National Identity
Politics
Power
ECONOMICS
Competition
Resources
CULTURE
Culture
Values and Beliefs
Language Objective EXAMPLES
Historical Thinking and Geography Skill Resources
○ “Straight Ahead”
□“Uphill”
∆“Mountainous”
Historical Thinking
Geography Skills
*This is a good unit to address the following
Historical Thinking Standards: USH2.H.1
(Chronological Thinking), USH2.H.1.2 (Historical
Comprehension focusing on Primary Sources),
USH2.H.1.3 (Multiple perspectives: Imperialist v. .
Anti-Imperialist).
General Unit Resources
○
□
∆
○ “Straight Ahead”
□“Uphill”
http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/toc.html
∆ “Mountainous”
Text differentiation symbols: Texts will be categorized in teacher resource documents as Straight
Ahead (less challenging for struggling readers), Uphill (having some challenging words and more
complex sentence structure that is appropriate for on-grade level readers), or Mountainous
(containing challenging vocabulary, complex sentences, and more abstract ideas).