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CHAPTER 2.5
CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EARLY RIVER VALLEYS
CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EARLY RIVER VALLEYS
Read pages 19-20
River Valley Civilizations &
Mesopotamia Civilization
MESOPOTAMIA
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
MESOPOTAMIA
WHERE ARE
THEY LOCATED?
In the eastern region of the Fertile
Crescent among the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers.
WHAT TYPE OF
AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPED?
Farming: Wheat, barley, date
palms. Also the use of the plow,
animal power, and wheeled carts.
MESOPOTAMIA
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
WHAT FORM OF
GOVERNMENT?
LEADERS?
WRITING
DEVELOPED?
MESOPOTAMIA
Cities formed around temples that
became the central agency that ran city
governments. Priest-Kings/officials.
Cuneiform. Picture symbols pressed
into soft clay tablets. This helped to
spread Sumerian culture.
MESOPOTAMIA
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
MESOPOTAMIA
MAIN IDEA FROM Hammurabi the first law giver. “An
CULTURE?
eye for an eye” punishment for
crimes. Harsh punishment often to
the point of death.
CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EARLY RIVER VALLEYS
Read pages 20-21
Egyptian Civilization
EGYPT
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
WHERE ARE
THEY LOCATED?
WHAT TYPE OF
AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPED?
EGYPT
In the northeastern region of Africa
along the Nile River.
Fertile soil around the Nile River
allowed agriculture to be imported
from the Fertile Crescent. Barley,
wheat, flax (used to make linen)
cattle, pigs, goats, sheep.
EGYPT
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
WHAT FORM OF
GOVERNMENT?
LEADERS?
WRITING
DEVELOPED?
EGYPT
King Menes began Egypt’s first dynasty. The
kings of this dynasty became to be known as
Pharaohs and ruled as absolute monarchs
with unlimited power.
Hieroglyphs. Both carved in stone
and written on paper called papyrus.
Used to keep records and
communicate information.
EGYPT
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
MAIN IDEA FROM
CULTURE?
EGYPT
River valley civilization
focused on agriculture and
ruled by family dynasties of
Pharaohs.
CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EARLY RIVER VALLEYS
Read pages 21-22
Indus Valley Civilization
INDUS RIVER
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
INDUS RIVER
WHERE ARE
THEY LOCATED?
Current day Pakistan near the Indus
River.
WHAT TYPE OF
AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPED?
Wheat, barley, and cotton grew on
the large floodplain and through the
use of irrigation canals.
Domesticated cattle and elephants.
INDUS RIVER
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
WHAT FORM OF
GOVERNMENT?
LEADERS?
WRITING
DEVELOPED?
INDUS RIVER
Two large cities dominated the region
with fortresses that housed members
of the ruling class.
Developed a writing system that has
yet to be decoded.
INDUS RIVER
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
INDUS RIVER
MAIN IDEA FROM Developed a complex trading society
CULTURE?
including metal ornaments, weapons,
fine ceramics, cotton clothing, and
beads made from precious stones.
CIVILIZATIONS OF THE EARLY RIVER VALLEYS
Read pages 22-23
Chinese Civilization
CHINA
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
CHINA
WHERE ARE
THEY LOCATED?
In the Asian region around the
Huang He and the Chang Jiang
(Yangtze) River valleys.
WHAT TYPE OF
AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPED?
Millet (A cereal grain) and rice. The
development of agricultural
settlements led to a growth in
population and complexity.
CHINA
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
WHAT FORM OF
GOVERNMENT?
LEADERS?
WRITING
DEVELOPED?
CHINA
Several Chinese civilizations, such as the
Shang Dynasty, existed at one time. In the
south, walled cities with a hierarchical
society existed.
Shang Dynasty became the first
Chinese civilization to keep records
using pictograms that stood for
objects and ideas. Wrote on many
different surfaces from bamboo, to
silk, to bone and bronze.
CHINA
RIVER VALLEY
COMPARISON
CHINA
MAIN IDEA FROM
Many different civilizations
CULTURE?
grew in size and developed in
complexity in the river valleys
and vast flood plains.