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género Hisingera
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Xyl osma /zaɪˈlɒzmə/[4] is a genus of flowering plants in the willow
family, Salicaceae.[3] It contains around 100 species of evergreen
shrubs and trees[5] commonly known as b ru sh h ol l i es , xyl osmas ,
or, more ambiguously, " l ogwood s " . The generic name is derived
from the Greek words ξύλον (xylon ), meaning "wood," and ὀσμή
(osmé), meaning "smell," [6] referring to the fragrant wood of some of
the species.[5] The Takhtajan system places it in the family
Flacourtiaceae,[7] which is considered defunct by the Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group.[3]
Xyl osma
Contents
1 Description
2 Range
3 Ecology
4 Uses
5 Selected species
6 References
Description[edit]
The leaves are alternate, simple, entire or finely toothed, 2–10 cm
(0.79–3.94 in) long. The flowers are small, yellowish, produced on
racemes 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long, usually dioecious,[8] and have a
strong scent. The fruit is a small purple-black berry 5–10 mm (0.20–
0.39 in) in diameter that contains 2 to 8 seeds.[5]
Range[edit]
The genus is predominantly native to the tropics and subtropics,[5]
from the Caribbean, Central America, northern South America, the
Pacific Islands, southern Asia and northern Australasia. Two species,
X. congestum and X. japonicum, are found in warm-temperate
eastern Asia (China, Korea and Japan). Molecular phylogenetic
analysis suggest that the genus Lasiochlamys from New Caledonia
may be nested in Xylosma[9].
Ecology[edit]
Xylosma hawaiiense
Sci en ti fi c cl assi fi cati on
Kingdom:
(unranked):
(unranked):
(unranked):
Order:
Family:
Tribe:
Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Rosids
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Flacourtieae[1]
Xyl osma
Genus:
G.Forst., 1786[2]
Typ e sp eci es
Xylosma orbiculata
(J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) G.Forst.[2]
Sp eci es
About 100, see text
Syn on yms
Craepaloprumnon (Endl.)
H.Karst.
Eichlerodendron Briq.
Hisingera Hell.
Lightfootia Sw.
Myroxylon J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Xylosma foliage is used as food by the caterpillars of some
lepidoptera, such as the rustic (Cupha erymanthis), which feeds on
X. racemosa, and the common leopard (Phalanta phalantha), which
feeds on X. longifolium and X. racemosa.
Roumea DC., orth. var.
Rumea Poit.[3]
Uses[edit]
The main use for the genus is as hedge and topiary plants among gardeners in desert and chaparral
climates. Xylosma congestum is the species usually seen in garden hedges and in road landscaping,
despite the fact it bears thorns. Other species cultivated for these purposes include X. bahamensis, X.
flexuosa, and X. heterophyllum.[5] X. longifolium is sometimes grown in India for its edible fruits.[10] In
addition, a medicinal extract is made from its young leaves that acts as antispasmodic, narcotic, and
sedative.[11]
Selected species[edit]
Species include:[12][13][14]
Xylosma bahamensis (Britton)
Standl. – Bahamas xylosma
(The Bahamas)[15]
Xylosma bolivianum Sleumer
Xylosma boulindae Sleumer
(New Caledonia)
Xylosma buxifolia A.Gray –
boxleaf xylosma (the
Caribbean)[15]
Xylosma capillipes Guillaumin
(New Caledonia)
Xylosma ciliatifolia (Clos) Eichler
Xylosma congestum (Lour.)
Merrill – shiny xylosma
Xylosma crenatum H.St.John –
sawtooth logwood (Kauaʻi in
Hawaii)
Xylosma fawcettii Urb.
(Jamaica)
Xylosma flexuosa (Kunth) Hemsl.
– brushholly (Mexico, Central
America)[5]
Xylosma glaberrimum Sleumer
(Brazil)
Xylosma grossecrenatum
(Sleumer) Lescot (New
Caledonia)
Xylosma hawaiiense Seem. –
Hawaiian brushholly, maua
(Hawaii)
Xylosma heterophyllum
(H.Karst.) Gilg. (Colombia)[5]
Xylosma inaequinervium
Xylosma ovatum
Xylosma pachyphyllum (Krug &
Urb.) Urb. – spiny logwood
(Puerto Rico)
Xylosma palawanense Mend.
(Philippines)
Xylosma panamensis Turcz.
Xylosma parvifolium Jessup
Xylosma peltatum (Sleumer)
Lescot (New Caledonia)
Xylosma pininsulare Guillaumin
(New Caledonia)
Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz.
Xylosma proctorii Sleumer
(Jamaica)
Xylosma pseudosalzmannii
Sleumer
Xylosma racemosa (Siebold &
Zucc.) Miq.
Xylosma ruizianum Sleumer
(Peru)
Xylosma salzmanni Eich.
Xylosma samoense Sleumer
(Savai'i)
Xylosma schaefferioides A.Gray
– white logwood (Greater
Antilles)[15]
Xylosma schwaneckeana Urb. –
Schwaneck's logwood (Puerto
Rico)[15]
Xylosma senticosa Hance
Xylosma serpentinum Sleumer
(New Caledonia)
Sleumer (New Caledonia)
Xylosma japonicum (Thunb.)
A.Gr.
Xylosma kaalense Sleumer
(New Caledonia)
Xylosma latifolium J.Hk. &
Thoms. (India)
Xylosma longifolium Clos
(Western Himalayas)[10]
Xylosma maidenii
Xylosma molestum Sleumer
(New Caledonia)
Xylosma obovatum (Karsten)
Triana & Planchon (Colombia)
Xylosma orbiculata (J.R.Forst. &
G.Forst.) G.Forst. (Fiji, Tonga,
Niue)[16]
Xylosma serrata (Sw.) Urb.
Xylosma simulans A.C.Sm.
Xylosma spiculifera (Tul.) Triana
& Planch. (Colombia)[10]
Xylosma terrae-reginae
C.T.White & Sleumer (NSW and
Queensland, Australia)
Xylosma tuberculatum Sleumer
(New Caledonia)
Xylosma tweedianum (Clos)
Eichler
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Xyl osma .
Wikispecies has information related to: Xyl osma
References[edit]
1. ^ "Genus Xylosma". Taxonomy. UniProt. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
2. ^ a b "!Xylosma G. Forst.". TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
3. ^ a b c "Genus: Xylosma G. Forst". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States
Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
4. ^ Brenzel, K. N. (1995). Sunset Western Garden Book (6 ed.). Sunset Publishing Corporation.
pp. 606–07. ISBN 978-0-376-03851-7.
5. ^ a b c d e f g Everett, T. H. (1982). The New York Botanical Garden Illustrated Encyclopedia of
Horticulture. 10 . Taylor & Francis. p. 3572. ISBN 978-0-8240-7240-7.
6. ^ Quattrocchi, U. (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names,
Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. IV R-Z. Taylor & Francis US. p. 2857. ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.
7. ^ Takhtajan, A. (2009). Flowering Plants (2 ed.). Springer. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-4020-9608-2.
8. ^ "Xyl osma G. Forster, Fl. Ins. Austr. 72. 1786.". Flora of China. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
9. ^ Alford, M.A (2005). Systematics Studies in Flacourtiaceae. PhD Thesis, Cornell University, 2005.
10. ^ a b c P. Hanelt; Institute of Genetics and Crop Plant Research, eds. (2001). Mansfeld's
Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (Except Ornamentals). 3 . Springer. p. 1374.
ISBN 978-3-540-41017-1.
11. ^ Khare, C. P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer. p. 725. ISBN 9780-387-70637-5.
12. ^ "GRIN Species Records of Xylosma". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States
Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
13. ^ "Xylosma". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
14. ^ "Subordinate Taxa of !Xylosma G. Forst.". TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 201001-31.
15. ^ a b c d Grandtner, M. M. (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees. 1 . Elsevier. pp. 969–972. ISBN 9780-444-51784-5.
16. ^ Heads, M. (2006). "Seed plants of Fiji: an ecological analysis" (PDF) . Biological Journal of the
Linnean Society. 89 : 459. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00682.x. Retrieved 2010-03-05.