Download Spring 2013 Review

Spring 2013 Review
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1. Why did delegates meet at a Constitutional Convention in 1787?
A) to declare war on Britain
C) to choose members of the Supreme Court
B) to draft a Bill of Rights
D) to revise the Articles of Confederation
2. The Continental System restricted
A) trade with Great Britain.
C) freedom of speech and of the press.
B) trade with French possessions in Asia.
D) the rights of women.
3. Part of the legacy of the French Revolution is that
A) citizens’ rights in Europe were never again
C) it has discouraged revolutions worldwide for 200
restricted.
years.
B) all European monarchies became democracies.
D) it has inspired people to fight for their rights in
other parts of the world.
4. What was the effect of the Reform Act of 1832?
A) It gave women the right to vote for members of
C) It created the United Kingdom by joining England,
Parliament.
Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
B) It gave industrial cities representation in Parliament D) It regulated working conditions and minimum
for the first time.
wages in industry.
5. What was the Zimmermann Note?
A) the German policy of attacking all ships entering or C) a note left behind by a suicide bomber in Serbia
leaving Great Britain
B) a proposal by a German official that Mexico attack D) Wilson’s speech detailing reasons why the United
the United States in return for territory
States should remain neutral
6. Some scientists believe that global warming
A) is the result of the green revolution.
C) is due to cloning.
B) is caused by air pollution from human activity.
D) was caused by the meltdown of the nuclear plant in
Chernobyl.
7. Decisions made by the Congress of Berlin in 1878 resulted in
A) the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
C) the end of the Crimean War.
B) the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
D) many years of ethnic conflicts in the Balkans.
8. Which of the following revolutionary leaders came to oppose the violent excesses of the Revolution?
A) Jean-Paul Marat
C) George-Jacques Danton
B) Maximilien Robespierre
D) Olympe de Gouges
9. One goal of Louis XIII was to
A) end the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
C) conquer Spain.
B) conquer England.
D) limit the power of nobles and Huguenots.
10. Bolsheviks planned that which of the following groups would lead a revolution and rule Russia?
A) socialists
C) the Whites
B) nobles
D) the military
11. Which best describes political motives driving the new European imperialism in Africa?
A) Population decline led European countries to look
C) European leaders believed that controlling colonies
to Africa for workers to fuel industrialization in
would gain them more respect from other leaders.
home countries.
B) Europeans believed they had much to learn from
D) European leaders wanted to develop industry in
Africans.
Africa and reap their profits.
12. Which of the following revolutionaries wanted to unite all of South America into the Federation of the Andes?
A) Simón Bolívar
C) José de San Martín
B) José María Morelos
D) Pedro I
13. What did Otto von Bismarck mean by the phrase “blood and iron”?
A) He would continue to fight until he was named
C) Germany needed railroads to unite the country.
emperor.
B) He would use the Prussian military as a force for
D) Prussia would fight to obtain iron.
German unification.
14. Which of the following leaders most helped to defuse the liberal ideals of the French Revolution?
A) Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
C) Prince Klemens von Metternich
B) Lord Castlereagh
D) Frederick William III
15. How did industrialization hurt skilled craft workers working in cottage industry?
A) by undercutting prices for their products
C) by shifting populations from countryside to city
B) by leading to a labor movement that raised wages
D) by leading to a shortage of raw materials
16. The revolutionary group later referred to as the Decembrists included many military officers
A) who overthrew the czar in a military coup.
C) who became pacifists and refused to stay in the
army.
B) who defected to Germany.
D) who refused to declare allegiance to the new czar.
17. The liberation of Paris by the Allies led Hitler to
A) surrender.
C) invade the Soviet Union.
B) order a counterattack in Belgium.
D) kill himself.
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18. Which Allied country received the largest share of German reparations after World War II?
A) France
C) the United States
B) England
D) the Soviet Union
19. In which country were the Enlightenment reforms of Emperor Joseph II opposed by the church and the nobility?
A) Prussia
C) Austria
B) Russia
D) Japan
20. The Thirty Years’ War was sparked by
A) a massacre in Magdeburg, Germany.
C) Maria Theresa’s refusal of a marriage proposal.
B) the assassination of the Prince of Prague.
D) the Holy Roman Emperor’s attempt to shut down
two Protestant churches.
21. In addition to personal communication the telegraph was used to
A) conduct business and transmit news from far away C) speak with loved ones who lived far away.
places quickly.
B) help hearing-impaired students learn to speak.
D) advance the study of aerodynamics.
22. Why did the French and Indian War lead to increased taxes on Britain’s American colonies?
A) Because removing the French benefited the
C) The British feared that the colonists were planning a
colonists, Britain decided to make the colonies pay
revolution and wanted to weaken them
part of the cost.
economically.
B) The colonists now had access to the French gold
D) The French won the war and wanted to punish the
and silver mines in the Americas.
colonists.
23. What led Hitler to believe that European powers would not interfere in his plans for Anschluss?
A) the lack of direct action to stop his militarization of C) the nonaggression pact he negotiated with them
the Rhineland
B) the Allies’ refusal to help Poland
D) England and France’s lack of support for the
Republicans in the Spanish Civil War
24. The Treaty of Kanagawa contributed to
A) a rise in nationalism.
C) Japanese wealth through high tariffs.
B) the shogun’s power.
D) the prestige of the Tokugawas.
25. Some people argue against multinational corporations because they believe that
A) developing countries are doing all right on their
C) developing countries will become wealthier than
own.
developed countries.
B) outsourcing causes a loss of jobs in a home country. D) they improve the standard of living in developing
countries.
26. Which political faction was the most radical?
A) the Louisites
C) the Montagnards
B) the Girondins
D) the Plain
27. What goal did Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo di Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi all have in common?
A) a democratic republic in Italy
C) the unification of Italy
B) the return of Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire D) the unification of Germany
28. Why did people in the Netherlands revolt against Spain?
A) because of corruption in the Spanish government
C) because of religious differences
B) to protest Spain’s treatment of slaves
D) to stop the sea dogs
29. What development was essential to the expansion of cities to the suburbs?
A) the growth of sports
C) the invention of the telegraph
B) the professionalization of nursing
D) the emergence of public transportation systems
30. Why did King Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General to be held in spring 1789?
A) to begin the process of writing a new constitution
C) to press for reform in the legislative process
for France
B) to get approval for new taxes on the Third Estate
D) to get approval to rescind tax exemptions for the
First Estate
31. Which of the following was one factor that allowed European nations to extend their control over Asia and Africa after 1800?
A) the rise of great empires in Asia and North Africa
C) European democratic traditions
B) the superiority of European trading networks
D) military advantages such as superior weapons
32. Women’s participation in World War I consisted primarily of
A) filling vacated jobs in the service industry.
C) assisting on the home front and nursing wounded
soldiers.
B) fighting on the front line.
D) entertaining the troops.
33. Which of the following authors defined poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings from emotions recollected in
tranquility”?
A) Leo Tolstoy
C) William Wordsworth
B) Ludwig van Beethoven
D) Charles Dickens
34. The Meiji Restoration refers to the
A) period of unrest in China that preceded the 1911
C) peace process between China and Japan in the late
revolution.
1800s.
B) Japanese emperor’s return to power.
D) rebuilding of Japan’s imperial cities.
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35. What was the significance of the Battle of Coral Sea?
A) The Americans sunk four Japanese carriers and lost C) It resulted in Allied control of the entire Atlantic.
only one of their own.
B) It repelled the Axis Powers from Northern Africa.
D) It was the first time the Allies had stopped the
relentless Japanese advance.
36. Which best describes conditions in Russia on the eve of World War I?
A) Russia had a strong economy, and a recent
C) Russia was a troubled country, with a worsening
revolution had put an effective leadership into
economy and an ineffective ruler.
government.
B) The provisional government that was put into place D) Russian nobles wanted to overthrow the czar and
after the revolution resisted entering the war.
claim Russia for themselves.
37. The Reform Act of 1832 was passed to address which of the following issues?
A) women’s lack of suffrage
C) widespread alcoholism in Britain
B) harmful conditions for child workers
D) unequal representation in Parliament
38. Which of the following proposed the geocentric theory?
A) Aristotle
C) Copernicus
B) Johannes Kepler
D) Galileo
39. Which of the following was a social change influenced by the war?
A) The government took permanent control of heavy
C) Public views of what women could do were
industry.
transformed.
B) Universal public education was implemented.
D) All men won the right to vote, regardless of race or
class.
40. Manifest destiny affected Native Americans by
A) introducing them to manufactured products.
C) separating them into distinct tribes.
B) forcing them westward and into reservations.
D) forcing them to convert to Christianity.
41. Louis XIV’s greatest ambition was to
A) build up the military and expand French territory.
C) end the rivalry with the English.
B) unite the German states under his rule.
D) convert England to Catholicism.
42. One effect of the expansion of the railroads was that
A) horse-drawn carriages were no longer used.
C) the price of steel rose.
B) the population of the East declined.
D) consumers had a greater choice of low-cost
products.
43. What event led to a decisive shift away from isolationism in the United States?
A) the Battle of Britain
C) the attack on Pearl Harbor
B) the sinking of American ships by German
D) the discovery of Auschwitz
submarines
44. Which of the following czars oversaw rapid industrial development in Russia?
A) Nicholas I
C) Alexander II
B) Nicholas II
D) Alexander III
45. What event caused the Great Fear?
A) the execution of Louis XVI
C) the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat
B) the fall of the Bastille
D) the Tennis Court Oath
46. Which of the following monarchs is history’s best example of an absolute monarch?
A) Charles II
C) Louis XIV
B) Philip II
D) Henry IV
47. The United States experienced a severe economic slowdown in the 1970s because
A) the cost of energy dramatically increased.
C) the cost of energy dramatically decreased.
B) Americans bought more and more consumer goods. D) the nation’s debt grew sharply.
48. What new approach allowed scholars to gain new scientific knowledge?
A) the Inquisition
C) financing by the Church
B) the scientific method
D) universal public education
49. Roosevelt and Churchill’s joint declaration proclaiming what they viewed as the purpose of going to war is called the
A) Atlantic Charter.
C) Treaty of Versailles.
B) Yalta Charter.
D) Declaration of the Three Powers.
50. Which of the following is a social science?
A) psychology
C) law
B) chemistry
D) biology
51. What was the goal of the Yalta Conference?
A) to agree on a schedule for the invasion of France
C) to compensate victims of the Holocaust
B) to divide Europe into communist and capitalist
D) to reach an agreement on what to do with postwar
sections
Europe
52. Who wrote that without government, people’s lives were “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”?
A) Hobbes
C) Montesquieu
B) Voltaire
D) Locke
53. Hitler’s Final Solution included
A) opening a second front in Western Europe.
C) deportation of European Jews.
B) less restrictive laws benefiting Germany’s Jewish
D) concentration camps, death camps, and
population.
Einsatzgruppen.
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54. Which of the following leaders began a program of reforms in Russia?
A) Alexander III
C) Karl Marx
B) Alexander II
D) Nicholas I
55. Which of the following was one factor that allowed Britain to industrialize first?
A) government-owned factories
C) widespread famine
B) a strong army
D) British colonies
56. Which of the following was a negative result of the growth of the textile industry in Great Britain?
A) the huge population growth in the country
C) the expansion of agriculture in India
B) the spread of slavery in the United States
D) fewer cotton farms in Great Britain
57. How did Hitler respond to the successful invasion of France by the Allies?
A) He personally surrendered to Soviet troops in
C) He invaded the Soviet Union.
Berlin.
B) He reconquered the beaches of Normandy.
D) He ordered a counterattack in Belgium.
58. Why did American and British forces plan a massive invasion of Western Europe?
A) to help the Soviets, who were battling German
C) to open a second front and put the Axis forces on
forces in Stalingrad and Leningrad
the defensive
B) to maintain control of Atlantic shipping routes
D) to avenge Pearl Harbor
59. Revolts in the Austrian Empire were set off by
A) Ferdinand’s abdication.
C) Metternich’s resignation.
B) revolutions in France, Italy, and the German states. D) the Russian invasion.
60. The Revolution of 1830 in France replaced Charles X with
A) Klemens von Metternich.
C) Emperor Napoleon III.
B) Émile Zola.
D) Louis Philippe.
61. Czar Nicholas II welcomed World War I because he
A) hated the United States and wanted to defeat them. C) hoped a surge of patriotism would overcome
domestic problems and unite the country around his
leadership.
B) believed that all ethnic groups should have the right D) was a brilliant military commander and led most
to rule themselves.
effectively on the battlefield.
62. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the economy of Italy in the years after unification?
A) The unification of industrial, agricultural, and
C) Widespread poverty and unemployment led to
banking states led to a strong national economy.
violence and emigration.
B) Plentiful land and a well-developed transportation D) Rising industry led to rapid urbanization and a
network resulted in a nation of small, prosperous
modern economy.
farmers.
63. The work of Joseph Lister with an antiseptic would have been impossible without the discoveries of
A) Albert Einstein.
C) Marie Curie.
B) Isaac Newton.
D) Louis Pasteur.
64. According to the concept of natural selection, which of the following birds would be most likely to produce offspring?
A) one with a beak well-adapted to catching insects or C) on who was too sickly to migrate
picking up seeds
B) one who had been swept hundreds of miles off
D) one with a bright color and a sweet song
course to the Galapagos Islands
65. Soviet leaders wanted to control Eastern Europe after World War II because
A) they wanted a buffer zone of friendly governments C) otherwise it might be controlled by Germany.
to protect against attack.
B) they needed the rich natural resources of the region. D) Eastern European people had elected Communist
governments.
66. What was the immediate cause of the Sepoy Mutiny?
A) the refusal of Hindu priests of Delhi to support
C) widespread political imprisonment and random
Christian rule in India
executions
B) the requirement that Indian soldiers bite off the end D) the requirement that the sepoys practice sati
of an ammunition cartridge greased with animal fat
67. Despite Queen Victoria’s views,
A) Gladstone insisted on independence for Ireland.
C) Disraeli supported women’s voting rights.
B) Pankhurst did not want women’s suffrage.
D) Disraeli voted against extending the vote to women.
68. Many peasants came to oppose the Revolution because
A) they were staunch Jacobins.
C) they were pacifists.
B) they were influenced by Enlightenment ideas.
D) they opposed the Revolution’s anticlerical moves
and the draft.
69. Following the Civil War in the United States, Britain relied on India for which raw material?
A) cotton
C) tea
B) jute
D) indigo
70. Throughout the Napoleonic Wars, France’s greatest enemy was
A) Portugal.
C) Austria.
B) the Kingdom of Tuscany.
D) Great Britain.
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71. How did Agustín de Iturbide become emperor of Mexico?
A) by overthrowing the democratically-elected
C) by bringing together creoles, peninsulares, royalists,
government in a bloodless coup d’etat
and revolutionaries
B) by cultivating the favor of the Roman Catholic
D) by marrying the daughter of the king of Spain
Church and receiving the title from the pope
72. Who led the Second Empire in France?
A) Napoleon I
C) Charles X
B) Louis Philippe
D) Napoleon III
73. What caused the War of the Spanish Succession?
A) Louis XIV’s desire to have the Spanish throne for
C) the ascension of a Huguenot to the French throne
his son
B) the bankruptcy of France
D) Elizabeth I’s death with no heir
74. Soviets blocked land, rail, and water routes into West Berlin in 1948 in order to
A) keep Nazis from escaping the city.
C) topple Hitler from power.
B) put down a dangerous uprising in East Berlin.
D) force the West to leave Berlin.
75. One reason Western Europe made a rapid recovery from World War II was because
A) sweeping social programs eliminated poverty.
C) the United States provided massive economic aid.
B) the war had caused only minor damage to property. D) strong Communist movements emerged in those
countries.
76. Which of the following did Great Britain receive as a result of their fight against France?
A) overseas colonies
C) the Kingdom of Sicily
B) portions of northern France
D) territory in Eastern Europe
77. Which art form or style does the phrase “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings from emotions recollected in tranquility”
represent?
A) rationalism
C) romanticism
B) realism
D) Enlightenment thought
78. Which of the following is a typical “push” factor in migration?
A) modern air transportation
C) opportunities for a better life
B) lack of family ties
D) poverty
79. In 1994, about 1 million people were massacred due to ethnic tension in
A) Germany.
C) Rwanda.
B) Darfur.
D) Iraq.
80. How did the radio differ from the telegraph?
A) The radio became wildly popular by 1900; the
C) The telegraph required wires; the radio did not.
telegraph did not.
B) Radio operators used Morse code; telegraph
D) The radio was used primarily in the United States,
operators did not.
while the telegraph was used mostly in Europe.
81. The Crimean War began because of a dispute over
A) Greek independence.
C) Britain’s borders.
B) the crown of Hungary.
D) the Holy Land.
82. During the British Raj
A) India became a significant source of rubber for
C) British officials appointed many Indian officials.
British tire factories.
B) Indian and British people lived in segregated
D) the Indian textile industry flourished.
neighborhoods.
83. When Hitler attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941, he
A) hoped to draw the United States into war.
C) threatened the alliance between the Axis Powers.
B) felt invincible because of his victory in Great
D) was breaking the Soviet-German nonaggression
Britain.
pact.
84. Which of the following posed theories that brought him into direct conflict with the Church?
A) Francis Bacon
C) Ptolemy
B) Galileo
D) Aristotle
85. Which of the following groups of people in Latin America were most likely to be revolutionaries?
A) Africans
C) creoles
B) Indians
D) peninsulares
86. Russian Marxists wanted to create what form of government in Russia?
A) a Communist dictatorship
C) an autocracy
B) a capitalist democracy
D) a socialist republic
87. Which of the following best describes Germany’s position for much of the war?
A) All of Germany’s military efforts were focused on C) Germany faced war on two fronts.
Serbia.
B) Germany was a neutral country.
D) Germany did not have a military strategy for this
war.
88. The Treaty of Nanjing
A) strengthened the Qing dynasty.
C) benefited European countries at the expense of
China.
B) allowed the Chinese to try British citizens in
D) returned Shanghai to the Chinese.
Chinese courts.
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89. Both Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos were
A) peninsulares.
C) executed by Spanish authorities.
B) executed by Portuguese authorities.
D) opposed to Iturbide’s proposal.
90. Germany attempted to “bleed France white” in the
A) Battle of Somme.
C) Battle of Verdun.
B) First Battle of Ypres.
D) Second Battle of the Marne.
91. The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 was based on the belief that
A) Osama bin Laden was hiding in the country.
C) Saddam Hussein headed al Qaeda.
B) the country possessed chemical and biological
D) the world’s oil supply was in danger.
weapons.
92. Nationalism remained a problem under the Dual Monarchy because
A) Magyars felt they should have special privileges.
C) ethnic minorities continued to seek
self-government.
B) Franz Joseph I was not a strong leader.
D) Marxists spread discontent.
93. What initially delayed the growth of industry in Germany?
A) a revolution
C) a reactionary dictatorship
B) a lack of natural resources
D) the lack of a central government
94. One reason revolution spread across Eastern Europe in 1989 was that
A) Gorbachev loosened Soviet control.
C) Gorbachev increased Soviet control.
B) Boris Yeltsin demanded it.
D) Soviet leaders wanted a smaller union.
95. With the development of nuclear weapons, the Soviet Union and the United States based their defense strategies on
A) the principle of deterrence.
C) the policy of containment.
B) a build-up of ground troops.
D) the space race.
96. What caused the growth in leisure time activities in the late 1800s?
A) the move from cities to suburbs
C) higher incomes and more free time
B) private funding of concert halls and theaters
D) automobiles
97. Who became known as the Sun King?
A) Cardinal Richelieu
C) Louis XIV
B) Henry IV
D) Louis XIII
98. According to Marx and Engels, establishing a society based on cooperation and equal distribution of wealth would require
A) an energy crisis.
C) development of a wealthy industrial class.
B) a revolution.
D) universal public education.
99. The tsunami that devastated large areas of Southeast Asia in 2004 is an example of
A) globalization.
C) a famine.
B) an NGO.
D) a natural disaster.
100. Indian nationalism became more radical when the British announced plans to partition
A) Bengal.
C) Kashmir.
B) Calcutta.
D) the Northwest Provinces.
101. How did the Model T differ from earlier automobile models?
A) It was luxurious.
C) It was affordable.
B) It came in many bright colors.
D) It used electric power.
102. Americans who contracted and died from anthrax in 2001 were victims of
A) a biological weapon.
C) nuclear weapons.
B) a chemical weapon.
D) friendly fire.
103. Absolute monarchs argued that their power must not be challenged because
A) they were the most intelligent men in their nations. C) they were democratically elected.
B) the pope had crowned them.
D) they ruled by divine right.
104. Which of the following Mexican revolutionaries gathered support from the lowest classes and forced Porfirio Díaz to resign as
president?
A) Benito Juarez and Francisco “Pancho” Villa
C) Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata
B) Francisco Madero and Francisco “Pancho” Villa
D) Emiliano Zapata and Francisco Madero
105. Which of the following was the emperor of Ethiopia who modernized his army and defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa?
A) Maji Maji
C) Menelik II
B) Samory Touré
D) Shaka
106. Why did the British occupy Egypt in 1882?
A) to set up trading posts along the coast
C) to maintain access to the Suez Canal when the
Egyptian government appeared unstable
B) to secure the Congo River to aid Leopold of
D) to rebuild the Suez Canal to accommodate larger
Belgium
ships
107. What was the immediate result of trench warfare?
A) fewer casualties on both sides
C) an easy victory for the Allied Powers
B) an easy victory for the Central Powers
D) massive deadlock
108. Space exploration has helped scientists to understand
A) climate change on earth.
C) how to genetically modify plants.
B) the causes of air pollution.
D) the ethics of cloning.
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109. The idea of separate spheres implied that
A) men provided moral guidance in the business world. C) boys and girls should be educated separately.
B) women stayed home while men supported the
D) women and men should work side by side in
family.
industry.
110. Bolshevik opponents came to be called
A) the White Army.
C) Marxists.
B) Soviets.
D) the Red Army.
111. Who argued that women had the right to an education?
A) Queen Mary I
C) Juana Ines de la Cruz
B) Domenicos Theotocopoulos
D) Miguel de Cervantes
112. Before 1858, British imperialism in India was carried out by the
A) British National Congress.
C) British government.
B) Indian Civil Service.
D) British East India Company.
113. American colonists objected to the Stamp Act because
A) the Act restricted the colonists’ trade.
C) they objected to taxes levied by the British
Parliament without representation.
B) they resented forced conscription in the British
D) contrary to British belief, Americans thought
military to fight the Seven Years’ War.
stamps were necessary.
114. Which legislative body was in place when Napoleon seized power?
A) the Legislative Assembly
C) the National Convention
B) the Directory
D) the National Assembly
115. Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill issued the Atlantic Charter, a document
A) which affirmed that nations should choose their
C) that negotiated shipping lanes in the Atlantic.
governments.
B) which asserted their right to territorial gains.
D) which established the United Nations.
116. A region in northwestern England became known as the “black country” because
A) industries located there were all immensely
C) the sand on the beaches was dark gray.
profitable.
B) laborers there smudged coal dust on their faces to
D) iron-smelting factories polluted the air.
keep the sun out of their eyes.
117. Which of the following was a challenge to the French monarchy’s philosophy of “one king, one law, one religion”?
A) German princes
C) the Catholic Church
B) the Huguenots
D) absolute monarchy
118. Control of Constantinople was important to Russia because
A) Russians considered it a holy city.
C) most of the world’s amber was mined there.
B) it provided access to the Red Sea.
D) it provided access to the Mediterranean Sea.
119. Which system of government tends to best protect the human rights of its citizens?
A) dictatorship
C) democracy
B) autocracy
D) military rule
120. German liberals who revolted in 1848 all wanted
A) reforms that would promote individual rights.
C) the Zollverein.
B) a republic.
D) a constitutional monarchy.
121. Control of North Africa was vital for the Allies because
A) large numbers of terrorist attacks against Allied
C) North African countries provided the best area from
ships were being launched from the area.
which to launch air attacks against Italy.
B) they needed to control the Panama Canal in order to D) they needed to control the Suez Canal in order to
obtain oil from the Middle East.
obtain oil from the Middle East.
122. What enabled the United States to industrialize rapidly?
A) a strong navy and merchant marine
C) a wealth of natural resources and a large labor force
B) the enclosure movement
D) the criminalization of the labor movement
123. How did the politics of General Antonio López de Santa Anna change during his years in power?
A) He used the Catholic Church to gain power but then C) He seized power in a conservative military coup,
limited the Church’s power.
but became a liberal reformer.
B) He first courted the United States and then rebelled D) He first allied with liberal reformers but later
against it.
became conservative.
124. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels argued that capitalism would inevitably lead to
A) poverty and a workers’ revolution.
C) an extensive welfare state.
B) an energy crisis.
D) enslavement of most of the population.
125. Charles Darwin’s book, On the Origin of Species, was controversial because it
A) justified withholding welfare from the poor.
C) stated that all human diseases could be cured.
B) differed from the creation story in the Bible.
D) suggested there were patterns among elements in
the periodic table.
126. France, Russia, and Great Britain made up the
A) Central Powers.
C) Triple Alliance.
B) Eastern Block.
D) Triple Entente.
127. Which of the following countries was the first to industrialize?
A) France
C) Japan
B) the United States
D) Great Britain
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128. The only Southeast Asian country to retain its independence in the 1800s was
A) Malaysia.
C) Malacca.
B) Siam.
D) Cambodia.
129. The Mexican-American War was caused by
A) a dispute over Texas.
C) tension over the Monroe Doctrine.
B) a dispute over the Mexican Cession.
D) American raids into Mexican territory.
130. The Congress of Vienna
A) made France a colony of Great Britain.
C) strengthened nations surrounding France.
B) outlawed monarchies.
D) rewarded Napoleon’s supporters with large tracts of
land.
131. Mass production, which created an increase in the quantity of goods produced, led to
A) an increase in the number of workers factories
C) an increase in the cost of factory-made goods.
needed.
B) more consumer goods available to more people.
D) higher wages and shorter hours.
132. Who wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence?
A) John Adams
C) Thomas Paine
B) John Locke
D) Thomas Jefferson
133. Which of the following is a typical “pull” factor in migration?
A) poverty
C) lack of family ties
B) modern air transportation
D) opportunities for a better life
134. Which series of events led to World War I?
A) Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia
C) An Austrian-Hungarian nobleman was assassinated,
moved to support Serbia, and Germany declared
Germany moved to support Austria, and Great
war on Russia.
Britain declared war on Germany.
B) Austria took over Bosnia, Serbia declared war on
D) Germany declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to
Austria, and Germany declared war on Serbia.
support Serbia, and Great Britain declared war on
Russia.
135. The Congress of Vienna did which of the following?
A) restored Louis XVIII to the French throne
C) formed democratic republics across Europe
B) fulfilled hopes of ethnic groups who wanted to
D) supported democratic reforms in areas conquered by
govern themselves
Napoleon
136. As the Chinese military weakened in the late 1800s, which countries rushed to claim more territory in China?
A) Great Britain, France, Germany and Russia
C) Sweden, France, Russia, Portugal and Spain
B) Germany, France, Great Britain and the United
D) Japan, Russia, France, Denmark, Spain and Canada
States
137. The difficulties Allied leaders had in reaching agreement at the Potsdam Conference were due to
A) growing ill-will between the Soviet Union and other C) the refusal of the Soviet Union to join the United
Allies.
Nations.
B) uncertainties about when the war would end in
D) the fight of many colonized people for
Europe.
independence.
138. Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were
A) Aquinas and his followers.
C) the Church and ancient scholars.
B) Plato and Aristotle.
D) navigators and explorers.
139. What were the Young Turks fighting against in 1908?
A) the absolute power of the sultan
C) independence from the Ottoman Empire
B) reforms and a representative government
D) religious freedom
140. According to Sigmund Freud, mental illness could be caused by
A) an inherited trait.
C) a chemical imbalance in the brain.
B) repressed thoughts in the unconscious mind.
D) a concussion.
141. During recent years, worldwide terrorist attacks have been
A) decreasing.
C) increasing.
B) less deadly.
D) holding steady.
142. Before World War II, Hitler’s Nazi government
A) passed restrictive laws severely limiting the rights
C) did not limit the rights of any German citizens.
of Jews.
B) sent Einsatzgruppen into the Soviet Union.
D) outlawed emigration.
143. Americans went to war with Great Britain in 1812 in part because
A) they wanted independence from Britain.
C) Americans wanted to admit Texas as a state.
B) Britain blocked the purchase of the Louisiana
D) Britain was seizing American sailors.
Territory.
144. The Luddite movement emerged in order to
A) direct strikes breaking out all over Great Britain.
C) agitate for the ten-hour day.
B) oppose industrial changes that were putting weavers D) abolish child labor.
out of work.
145. The mercantile system in Britain was replaced by
A) laissez-faire economics.
C) entrepreneurship.
B) socialism.
D) department stores.
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146. The goal of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was to
A) develop missile defense systems.
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147.
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148.
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149.
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150.
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151.
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152.
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153.
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154.
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155.
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156.
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157.
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158.
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159.
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160.
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161.
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162.
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163.
C)
limit the number of nuclear weapons held by the
superpowers.
B) ensure each side remained vulnerable to the other’s D) limit nuclear weapons tests.
nuclear weapons.
How did the Zimmermann Note affect American neutrality?
A) It made American leaders more resolved to
C) It led the United States to attack Mexico.
safeguard their neutral rights.
B) It led to strong public support for U.S. entry into the D) It led the Allies to beg the United States to support
war.
their war effort.
What led the British government to take control of India from the British East India Company?
A) the spice trade
C) missionary impulses
B) the Sepoy Mutiny
D) the Mughal Revolt
Giuseppe Garibaldi’s actions show that he was most committed to
A) achieving political power.
C) the unification of Italy.
B) the return of Italy to the glory of the Roman
D) a republican government.
Empire.
Which of the following individuals developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies?
A) Crawford Long
C) Albert Einstein
B) Charles Darwin
D) Louis Pasteur
One effect of the arms race was
A) an ever-present threat of nuclear war.
C) the division of Europe into four zones of
occupation.
B) global climate change.
D) increased domestic spending in the United States.
Which of the following began World War II?
A) the Anschluss
C) Hitler’s attack on Poland
B) Hitler’s attack on Czechoslovakia
D) the defeat of Franco’s Nationalists
Which of the following resulted from the October Revolution in Russia?
A) Russia became a communist country.
C) The Soviet Union was formed.
B) Russia negotiated for peace with the Allies.
D) A provisional government was formed.
Which European campaign was a disaster for Napoleon?
A) the Russian Campaign
C) the Continental System
B) the Saint Domingue Expedition
D) the Peninsular War
Nations that refused to take sides in the rivalry between superpowers in the 1950s were called
A) pacifist nations.
C) totalitarian states.
B) nonaligned nations.
D) the Warsaw Pact.
Before entering World War II, the United States
A) provided military aid to Great Britain.
C) remained strictly neutral.
B) provided monetary aid to the Axis Powers.
D) attacked German submarines.
What caused the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s?
A) democratic elections
C) military occupation by NATO
B) ethnic tensions coupled with a weakening
D) the collapse of the Soviet Union
government
Why was the Soviet Union unprepared for Hitler’s attack in June 1941?
A) because German troops were also pushing towards C) because Hitler had already surrendered
Paris
B) because the Soviets had previously signed a
D) because the Soviets were a member of the Axis
nonaggression pact with Germany
alliance
Europeans outside of France reacted to the execution of Louis XVI with
A) relief.
C) grief.
B) horror.
D) glee.
The D-Day invasion of Normandy was launched from
A) the Soviet Union.
C) Berlin.
B) Belgium.
D) the United Kingdom.
After Prussian king Frederick Wilhelm IV promised a constitution and reforms
A) he gave up his throne.
C) he went back on many of his promises.
B) he worked hard to promote democracy.
D) war ended his plans.
The end of communism and the introduction of market reforms in Eastern Europe has led to
A) rising immigration from Eastern Europe to Western C) a new era of prosperity in the region.
Europe.
B) a shift from heavy to light industry in the region.
D) rising earnings and dropping unemployment rates.
Which of the following natural resources was most important for the early development of industry in Great Britain?
A) coal
C) timber
B) water
D) iron ore
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164. The Gallipoli Campaign was
A) an extension of the war into colonies held by
C) a successful attempt by Serbia to defend a shipping
various European powers.
route to Italy against the Allies.
B) a failed attempt by the Allies to defend a shipping
D) a battle in 1917 in which the French beat back the
route to Russia against the Ottoman Empire.
Austrians.
165. Brazilian colonists achieved their independence from Portugal when
A) Prince Pedro declared Brazil independent.
C) they threatened to fight to the death.
B) they attacked the capital city.
D) they hired José de San Martín to lead their army.
166. Which group was treated most harshly by the U.S. government during World War II?
A) Italian Americans
C) Japanese Americans
B) German Americans
D) African Americans
167. The Siege of Leningrad resulted in
A) the starvation of one million German troops.
C) the starvation of one million Russian civilians.
B) a British victory.
D) a Germany victory.
168. After Napoleon’s exile, France became a(n)
A) democracy.
C) republic.
B) empire.
D) monarchy.
169. After about 1825, factories began to be located near
A) cotton fields.
C) coal mines.
B) the ocean.
D) rivers.
170. Who controlled the spice trade in Southeast Asia starting in the 1600s and 1700s?
A) the British
C) the Dutch
B) the French
D) the Germans
171. Which of the following disciplines do you think benefited from Charles Darwin’s work?
A) physical anthropology
C) psychology
B) medicine
D) cultural archaeology
172. What led scientists to study the natural world more closely in the mid-1500s?
A) the death of Aristotle
C) exploration
B) Thomas Paine’s pamphlet
D) a series of natural disasters
173. Which of the following countries achieved independence with the least violence and bloodshed?
A) Venezuela
C) Brazil
B) Bolivia
D) Mexico
174. Desertification and deforestation are both caused by
A) drought.
C) cutting down trees.
B) erosion.
D) global warming.
175. A movement that ensures that fair prices are paid to farmers in developing countries is called
A) the World Trade Organization.
C) fair trade.
B) free trade.
D) ASEAN.
176. Which of the following was a significant factor in the expansion of the railroad system in the 1800s?
A) production of the Model T
C) preparation for the Paris Exhibition of 1900
B) the discovery of electricity
D) the invention of the Bessemer process
177. The Dreyfus affair had a lasting impact because it
A) inspired the Zionist movement.
C) barred Jews from holding military commissions for
almost a century.
B) kept women from voting for another sixty years.
D) led to the Revolution of 1848.
178. What led to the Test Ban Treaty?
A) the Cuban missile crisis
C) the construction of the Berlin Wall
B) the Korean War
D) the Bay of Pigs invasion
179. What was the result of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904–1905?
A) Russia retained control of railway lines in southern C) Russia retained its control over two Manchurian
Manchuria but Japan gained influence over Korea.
ports and influence over Korea.
B) Japan’s victory over Russia was celebrated all over D) Japan gained control over two Manchurian ports but
Asia.
lost influence over Korea.
180. The Soviets most likely responded to the Allied invasion of western North Africa with
A) relief that the invasion would draw troops away
C) distrust because Soviet troops were being used in a
from Soviet territory.
lost cause.
B) promises to send military support, including
D) disappointment that the Allies chose to delay
soldiers.
invading Europe.
181. In 1957 six European nations founded the European Economic Community in order to
A) boycott the Soviet Union.
C) influence world oil prices.
B) adopt a standard currency.
D) eliminate trade barriers and unify economic
policies.
182. Which of the following battles signified a turning point in the Allied Powers’ favor in the war?
A) the Second Battle of the Marne
C) the Battle of the Frontiers
B) the Battle of Caporetto
D) the Battle of Verdun
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183. What has led to the rapid growth of biotechnology?
A) developments in genetics
C) air pollution
B) research into atomic energy
D) the Information Age
184. What recent invention allowed the British to more effectively defend against German air attacks?
A) the sitzkrieg
C) trench warfare
B) radar
D) the submarine
185. The partnership formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s was called the
A) Eastern Block.
C) Central Powers.
B) Triple Entente.
D) Triple Alliance.
186. Genetically modified plants
A) may reduce pesticide use.
C) have bankrupted small farmers.
B) have well documented effects on humans and the
D) reduce food production.
environment.
187. The Edict of Nantes was a remarkable document because
A) it contained the signature of Cardinal Richelieu.
C) for the first time France was a Protestant nation.
B) people were no longer forced to follow the
D) it set into motion the events that led to the Court of
monarch’s religion.
Blood.
188. The Reign of Terror resulted in
A) increased foreign opposition to the French
C) peace throughout France.
Revolution.
B) a strengthened National Assembly.
D) the election of Robespierre to the presidency.
189. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
A) forced Native Americans to move to Indian
C) set off a bitter debate between proslavery and
Territory.
antislavery Americans.
B) created the Confederate States of America.
D) finalized the Louisiana Purchase.
190. Why did Napoleon sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States?
A) He wanted to keep the territory out of the hands of C) His expedition east of the Mississippi River had
the British.
failed miserably to incite rebellion.
B) He needed money to fund the Napoleonic Wars.
D) His failure to take back Saint Domingue led him to
abandon his dream of empire in the Americas.
191. Following World War I,
A) European colonies became more loyal to their
C) Europe lost its role as the dominant economic
mother countries.
region of the world.
B) the economy of the United States took several years D) France’s economy flourished.
to recover.
192. Britain’s colonial empire fueled the development of industry in that country because
A) the nation had access to vast amounts of raw
C) the war machine required quick and efficient
materials.
production of goods.
B) colonies provided slave labor for growing
D) workers in the colonies earned far less than workers
industries.
in Britain.
193. What caused the War of Austrian Succession?
A) the Holy Roman Emperor’s attempt to combat
C) the death of Frederick the Great without a male heir
Protestantism
B) the rivalry between the Hapsburgs and the
D) the launch of the Spanish Armada
Hohenzollerns
194. The Russian economy differed from the rest of Europe’s because it
A) rested on diverse industries, including
C) was primarily agricultural.
manufacturing, mining, and agriculture.
B) was primarily industrial.
D) was strong.
195. Which of the following scientists invented the first periodic table?
A) Galen
C) Antony van Leeuwenhoek
B) Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
D) Robert Boyle
196. What was the goal of the United States when it went to war in Korea?
A) to end communism in Korea and China
C) to build up the United Nations
B) to eliminate Soviet nuclear missile sites in North
D) to contain Communist expansion
Korea
197. Allied treaties with the defeated Central Powers accomplished which of the following?
A) They broke apart Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman C) They allowed each nation to rebuild its military
Empire.
forces.
B) They consolidated Russian ethnic groups into the
D) They forced every nation to pay retribution into a
Soviet Union.
world fund for maintaining peace.
198. What did Benjamin Disraeli, Emmeline Pankhurst, and the Chartists have in common?
A) All donated large sums of money to orphanages.
C) All opposed child labor.
B) All sought to extend the voting rights.
D) All worked to limit immigration.
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199. Why did the British government create the Canadian dominion?
A) to create a buffer zone between Canadian colonies C) to provide a market for British goods
and the United States
B) to keep the colonies from rebelling against British
D) to exploit the territory’s vast natural resources
rule
200. Many colonial people volunteered to fight for the Allied forces because they
A) supported the terrorist acts used by the Serbians.
C) hoped their service would win their colony’s
independence.
B) believed in the German cause.
D) hated Communism.
201. Why did President Kennedy favor the Test Ban Treaty?
A) to ensure that each side remained vulnerable to the C) to slow the development of new and more deadly
other’s weapons
weapons
B) to force the Soviets to remove nuclear missiles from D) to encourage the sharing of information between the
Cuba
superpowers
202. Industrialization had which of the following effects on middle-class people?
A) Their standard of living decreased.
C) They now had time and money to spend on leisure.
B) They worked harder than ever before.
D) They became active in the labor movement.
203. Which of the following was one of the first acts of the National Convention?
A) the declaration that France was a republic
C) a declaration of war against Austria
B) a declaration of war against England
D) convening of a Constitutional Convention
204. In which area of the world is desertification most likely to take place?
A) northern Siberia in Russia
C) the large cities of the northeastern United States
B) the Amazon rainforest
D) the Sahel region of West Africa
205. The Bolsheviks took over the Russian government after
A) the Red Guards attacked the provisional
C) farmers refused to produce crops to sell to the
government.
provisional government.
B) the Black Guard’s military coup.
D) the Russian army successfully resisted the Central
Powers along the Eastern front.
206. Who disproved the long-held belief that an atom is a solid piece of matter?
A) Ernest Rutherford
C) Albert Einstein
B) Marie Curie
D) Dmitri Mendeleyev
207. The Nazi campaign to imprison inferior people included which of the following targets?
A) only Jews
C) all residents of Allied countries
B) Jews and Aryans
D) Jews, homosexuals, disabled people, Poles, Slavs,
and Gypsies
208. The rights outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen did not extend to
A) the workers.
C) the bourgeoisie.
B) women.
D) the First Estate.
209. Which of the following legislative bodies ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic?
A) the Directory
C) the Legislative Assembly
B) the National Convention
D) the National Assembly
210. Which of the following was a solution to scarce living and working space in cities?
A) the construction of subways
C) the mechanization of industry
B) the expansion of public education
D) the construction of skyscrapers
211. The Cold War ended when
A) the Soviet Union collapsed.
C) Mikhail Gorbachev was deposed by a military coup.
B) the Berlin Wall fell.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize.
212. Which of the following countries declared war on Germany in 1914 as part of a military agreement with Great Britain?
A) Japan
C) the Netherlands
B) New Zealand
D) Belgium
213. Which of the following is the correct sequence of legislative bodies that governed France during the Revolution, from first to last?
A) National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National C) Legislative Assembly, National Assembly, National
Convention, Directory
Convention, Directory
B) National Convention, Legislative Assembly,
D) Directory, National Convention, Legislative
National Assembly, Directory
Assembly, National Assembly
214. When a disease becomes an epidemic it means that
A) only people without access to medical care will be C) a vaccine has been developed.
affected.
B) it is spreading quickly and affecting many people.
D) it is not contagious.
215. John Kay’s invention of the “flying shuttle” led to
A) a rise in the price of cloth.
C) the invention of the spinning jenny.
B) the expansion of slavery in Great Britain.
D) many weavers losing their jobs.
216. Which of the following realistic writers revealed the unfair treatment of women within families?
A) Leo Tolstoy
C) Henrik Ibsen
B) Mary Wollstonecraft
D) William Wordsworth
217. On which two fronts did Germany fight during World War I?
A) Russia to the east and Italy to the south.
C) France to the west and Belgium to the north.
B) Russia to the east and France to the west.
D) Switzerland to the south and Russia to the east.
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218. The territory gained by the United States in 1848 was a result of the
A) Oregon Compromise.
C) Louisiana Purchase.
B) Mexican-American War.
D) Trail of Tears.
219. Which of the following did Winston Churchill use as an image to describe the division of Europe?
A) a closed door
C) the Grand Canyon
B) an iron curtain
D) a steel fist
220. The United States was alarmed by Soviet control of Eastern Europe at the end of World War II because
A) officials believed Soviet expansion would not stop C) U.S. officials had wanted to control the natural
at Eastern Europe.
resources located there.
B) the Soviets had installed missiles in many of those D) officials believed Germany should control the area.
countries.
221. How did electric power impact industry?
A) It reduced the cost of powering heavy machinery.
C) It allowed factories to move away from water
sources.
B) It increased safety hazards in manufacturing plants. D) By increasing efficiency, it shortened the work day.
222. Why did Britain begin exporting opium to China?
A) to improve the health of Chinese citizens
C) to make colonization of China easier
B) to prevent opium from going to British subjects
D) to change the balance of trade in favor of Britain
223. The October Manifesto was issued in response to
A) Bloody Sunday.
C) the Franco-Prussian War.
B) the assassination of Alexander II.
D) the Russian Revolution of 1905.
224. Which of the following is a cause of the Thirty Years’ War?
A) Prussia’s drive for empire
C) Catherine’s refusal to marry or name a chancellor
B) throwing the Holy Roman Emperor’s
D) agitation by Pugachev
representatives out of a window
225. Which of the following was one effect of the factory system?
A) Workers became more skilled.
C) More people joined the middle class.
B) Workers dealt directly with merchants.
D) The price of products increased.
226. People who advocated social democracy wanted to
A) elect Karl Marx president of the United States.
C) move from capitalism to socialism through a
revolution.
B) move from capitalism to socialism by democratic
D) establish utopias around the world.
means.
227. Austria-Hungary opposed the formation of a “greater Serbia” because
A) its leaders strongly supported the principle that all C) the government’s policy forbade negotiating with
people should choose their own government.
terrorists.
B) the Serbs had pledged to join the Triple Entente
D) any Serbian expansion might encourage other ethnic
once they achieved independence.
groups to rebel.
228. Which of the following was one cause of the French Revolution?
A) the influence of Enlightenment ideas
C) strong leadership from Louis XVI
B) economic prosperity
D) new taxes on the Second Estate
229. Hitler’s declaration that “Surrender is forbidden” to his commanders at the Battle of Stalingrad led to
A) a two-year stalemate.
C) the starvation of over a million civilians.
B) the capture of 90,000 Axis survivors and a crushing D) a decisive German victory over the Soviets.
defeat for Hitler.
230. The entry of the United States into World War I
A) infused much-needed cash into the Allied war
C) did not effect the war’s outcome.
effort.
B) added hundreds of thousands of troops to the Allied D) made German soldiers fight much harder than they
cause.
had before.
231. Deforestation is a problem because
A) it causes the land to become useless.
C) it can lead to millions of illnesses and deaths each
year.
B) it creates a protected area for threatened species.
D) plants and animals may become extinct.
232. As a result of the Truman Doctrine, the U.S. Congress agreed to send hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to
A) Soviet satellite states.
C) Greece and Turkey.
B) Poland and Hungary.
D) Germany.
233. What led to the growth of the middle class?
A) the growth of universities
C) industry’s need for managers and other mid-level
employees
B) the increasing profit earned from small,
D) the increase in prices of manufactured goods
family-owned farms
234. The effects of the rise in the price of crude oil in the early 2000s provide an example of
A) free trade.
C) economic interdependence.
B) outsourcing.
D) economic sanctions.
235. For the Soviet Union, what was the turning point in the war in Europe?
A) the Battle of Iwo Jima
C) the Battle of Midway
B) the end of the Siege of Leningrad
D) their victory at Stalingrad
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236. Who argued that people had a right to overthrow a government that does not protect their natural rights?
A) Newton
C) Voltaire
B) Hobbes
D) Locke
237. Who was the first leader of an independent Brazil?
A) Pedro I
C) Antonio Nariño
B) John VI
D) Simón Bolívar
238. How did Hobbes and Rousseau differ?
A) Rousseau believed an absolute monarchy was
C) Rousseau believed people were naturally good;
essential; Hobbes did not.
Hobbes did not.
B) Hobbes believed people needed protection from
D) Rousseau believed in the idea of a social contract;
government; Rousseau did not.
Hobbes did not.
239. Opponents of free trade
A) do not support social responsibility in corporations. C) believe that it encourages practices that exploit
workers and destroy the environment in developing
countries.
B) believe that it does not provide new markets for
D) support the work of the World Trade Organization.
goods.
240. After Charles X abdicated, French leaders formed what kind of government?
A) an absolute monarchy
C) a democratic republic
B) an empire
D) a constitutional monarchy
241. Portugal refused to comply with the Continental System because
A) it depended on its trade with Great Britain.
C) it did not have enough young men to spare for the
draft.
B) it depended on its trade with France.
D) its people resented having a foreign ruler.
242. Who was the first czar of Russia?
A) Ivan IV
C) Ivan I
B) Catherine the Great
D) Frederick the Great
243. What helped drive the tremendous growth of the U.S. economy after World War II?
A) new oil supplies
C) an agricultural revolution
B) rising interest rates
D) consumer spending
244. The ascension of William and Mary to the throne of England became known as the
A) Glorious Revolution.
C) Restoration.
B) English Civil War.
D) Puritan Revolution.
245. The increasingly educated population, explosion of newspapers, and the telegraph made a career in which of the following possible in
the late 1880s?
A) teaching
C) art
B) carpentry
D) journalism
246. Why did both sides in World War I turn to new weapons?
A) because trench warfare had led to a stalemate
C) because advances in radar technology made
bombers almost useless
B) because there were not enough weapons to arm the D) because both sides wanted to avoid the deaths of too
millions of soldiers
many soldiers
247. Charles V gave up his thrones in 1556 because he
A) was frustrated by failure in Europe.
C) feared his sons would assassinate him.
B) no longer enjoyed the support of the pope.
D) was terminally ill.
248. Which of the following military alliances became known as the Axis Powers?
A) Germany, Italy, and Japan
C) Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Rhineland
B) Germany and the Soviet Union
D) England and France
249. Which of following was written by Denis Diderot in order to promote knowledge?
A) Candide
C) Leviathan
B) Two Treatises on Government
D) the Encyclopedia
250. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of French rulers?
A) Charles X, Louis XVIII, Louis Napoleon, Louis
C) Charles X, Louis Philippe, Louis Napoleon
Philippe
B) Louis Philippe, Charles X, Napoleon III
D) Napoleon I, Napoleon II, Napoleon III, Louis XVIII
Spring 2013 Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
D
A
D
B
B
B
D
C
D
A
C
A
B
C
A
D
B
D
C
D
A
A
A
A
B
C
C
C
D
B
D
C
C
B
D
C
D
A
C
B
A
D
C
B
B
C
A
B
A
A
D
A
D
B
D
B
D
C
B
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
19.3.3
20.3.2
20.4.4
23.1.1
26.4.1
33.4.1
24.3.3
20.2.2
18.2.2
26.3.1
25.3.1
23.3.3
24.2.2
20.4.3
21.2.3
24.4.2
28.4.1
29.1.1
19.2.4
18.4.4
22.1.3
19.3.1
28.1.1
25.2.2
33.1.1
20.2.1
24.1.3
18.1.3
22.3.1
20.1.1
25.1.1
26.2.2
22.3.2
25.2.2
28.2.4
26.3.1
23.1.1
19.1.1
26.2.2
23.4.1
18.2.3
22.1.2
28.1.4
24.4.2
20.1.2
18.2.3
29.3.1
19.1.1
28.2.1
22.2.3
28.4.3
19.2.2
28.3.2
24.4.2
21.1.1
21.1.2
28.4.1
28.4.1
24.3.1
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
D
C
C
D
A
A
B
C
D
A
D
C
D
A
D
C
A
C
D
C
C
D
B
D
B
C
D
C
C
C
C
B
C
D
A
A
C
C
B
D
A
C
A
D
C
C
C
D
A
B
A
C
D
C
B
A
D
B
D
C
A
D
C
D
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
23.2.1
26.3.1
24.1.4
22.2.2
22.2.1
29.1.1
25.1.2
23.1.2
20.2.2
25.1.2
20.3.2
23.3.2
23.2.2
18.2.3
29.1.3
29.3.2
20.4.3
22.3.2
33.2.3
33.3.2
22.1.3
24.3.3
25.1.3
28.1.3
19.1.2
23.3.1
24.4.3
26.1.3
25.2.1
23.3.2
26.2.3
29.4.3
24.3.2
21.1.4
29.3.3
29.2.1
22.3.2
18.2.3
21.3.2
33.2.2
25.1.3
22.1.2
33.3.2
18.1.1
25.4.1
25.3.3
25.3.2
26.1.3
33.4.1
21.3.3
26.3.3
18.1.2
25.1.2
19.3.1
20.3.1
28.2.1
21.2.2
18.2.1
24.3.3
33.2.1
24.2.1
28.2.2
21.1.4
25.4.1
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
B
D
D
B
A
C
B
D
D
A
A
A
A
C
A
B
C
A
D
B
A
B
B
B
C
D
A
C
A
A
B
A
B
B
B
D
C
A
B
B
A
C
C
D
C
C
A
C
C
C
C
D
A
A
B
D
D
A
A
B
D
A
B
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
21.3.2
22.2.1
26.1.1
21.1.1
25.2.3
23.4.1
20.4.3
21.2.4
19.3.2
33.2.3
26.1.2
23.2.1
25.2.1
28.4.3
19.1.1
24.3.3
22.2.3
33.3.1
28.3.1
23.4.1
21.2.3
21.3.1
29.2.3
26.4.1
25.1.3
24.1.3
22.2.2
29.2.1
28.1.3
26.3.2
20.4.1
29.2.2
28.2.1
29.4.2
28.1.3
20.2.1
28.4.1
24.2.1
29.4.2
21.1.1
26.2.4
23.3.3
28.2.1
28.2.3
20.4.1
21.1.3
25.2.3
22.2.1
19.1.1
23.3.3
33.4.2
33.1.2
22.1.2
23.2.3
29.2.3
25.2.2
28.2.2
29.3.2
26.4.2
33.4.2
28.1.3
26.1.1
33.4.2
18.2.1
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
C
D
C
A
B
C
B
D
A
B
B
C
C
C
A
D
A
A
D
B
B
D
A
A
A
B
D
C
B
B
B
A
C
D
D
B
C
B
D
A
B
B
D
C
C
C
D
D
A
C
C
D
A
A
D
A
D
A
A
A
D
C
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
NAT:
20.2.2
23.4.2
20.3.2
26.4.4
21.1.1
18.4.4
24.4.1
19.1.3
29.1.3
26.4.3
23.1.2
23.1.3
26.2.4
29.2.3
21.3.3
20.1.3
33.4.1
26.3.2
22.2.1
28.3.2
20.1.3
20.1.3
22.3.1
29.4.1
26.2.4
20.2.1
33.2.2
21.1.2
22.3.2
26.1.3
23.4.1
29.1.2
29.1.1
22.1.1
25.2.1
24.4.3
18.4.4
21.2.3
21.3.2
26.1.1
20.1.1
28.2.3
26.4.1
33.4.1
29.1.2
21.2.3
33.1.1
28.2.3
19.2.2
23.3.3
19.2.2
33.1.2
23.2.1
20.3.2
18.4.1
29.3.1
18.3.4
22.1.3
26.2.1
18.1.1
28.1.2
19.2.3
23.2.1