Download Bio 2 Lecture Exam 1 Package

Bio 2
Lecture
Exam 1
Package
Diplomonads
Excavata
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans
Dinoflagellates
Alveolates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Chromalveolates
Diatoms
Golden Algae
Stramenopiles
Brown Algae
Oomycetes
Cercozoans
Forams
Eukaryotes
Rhizaria
Radiolarians
Eukaryotes Ancesteral Bacteria
Red Algae
Halophiles
Archaeplastida
Archaea
Chlorophytes
Thermophiles
Charophyceans
Methanogens
Plants
Univeral Ancestor
Proteobacteria
Slime molds
Chlamydia
Bacteria
Amoebozoans
Spirochetes
Cyanobacteria
Gymnamoebas
Entamoebas
Unikonta
Nuclerariids
Gram + Bacteria
Fungi
Opisthokonts
Choanoflagellates
Animals
BACTERIA LECTURE
Bacteria Characteristics:
Nucleoid Region:
No Membrane-bound Organelles:
Ribosomes:
Plasma Membrane:
Cell Wall:
Capsule:
Flagella:
Fimbriae:
Pili:
Asexual Reproduction:
Genetic Recombination:
Transformation:
Transduction:
Conjugation:
Classification:
Shape
Gram stain reaction
Oxygen requirements
Feeding strategies
Shapes:
Gram-Stain:
Gram Positive:
Gram Negative:
Oxygen Requirements:
Obligate aerobes:
Obligate anaerobes:
Facultative anaerobes:
Feeding Strategies:
Feeding
Strategy
Photoautotrophs
Energy
Source
Chemoautotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Nitrogen Metabolism:
Heterocysts:
Bacteria
Archaea
Classification:
Carbon
Source
Classification:
Group:
Proteobacteria
Examples:
Characteristics:
Salmonella
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
E. Coli
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Group:
Chlamydias
Chlamydia
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Group:
Spirochetes
Treponema
pallidum
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Shape:
Borrelia
burgdorferi
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others
Group:
Cyanobacteria
Oscillatoria
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Group: Grampositive bacteria
Clostridium
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Bacillus Anthracis
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Streptococcus
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Staphylococcus
Shape:
Gram Stain:
Oxygen Requirement:
Others:
Domain: Archaea
Group:
Methanogens
Group: Halophiles
Group:
Thermophiles
Symbiotic Relationships:
Mutualism:
Commensalism:
Parasitism:
Pathogens:
Koch’s Postulates:
Bioremediation:
Virus Structure:
Viral Replication:
Virus Genome Structure:
Bacteriophages:
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles:
HIV Complex:
Treatment:
Protista Lecture
Characteristics:
Protozoa:
Algae:
Fungi-like
Origin of Eukaryotes
Autogeneous:
Endosymbiotic:
Secondary:
Phylogeny of Eukarya:
LUCA:
MESS:
Classification:
Classification of “Protista”
Supergroup: Excavata
Clade2
Diplomonads
S. Characteristics:
C2. Characteristics
Ex.
Parabasalids
Ex.
Clade2
Euglenozoans
C2. Characteristics
Clade3
Euglenids
Ex.
Kinetoplastids
Ex.
C3. Characteristics
Supergroup: Chromalveolates
S. Characteristics:
Clade1
Alveolates
Clade2
Dinoflagellates
C1. Characteristics
Ex.
Apicomplexans
Ex.
Ciliates
Ex.
Stramenopila
Diatoms
(Bacillariophyta)
Ex.
Golden Algae
(Chrysophyta)
Ex.
Brown Algae
(Phaeophyta)
Ex.
Oomycetes
Ex.
C2. Characteristics:
Supergroup: Rhizaria
S. Characteristics:
Clade2
Forams
C2. Characteristics:
Ex.
Radiolarians
Ex.
Supergroup: Archaeplastida
S. Characteristics
Clade2
Red Algae
(Rhodophyta)
Ex.
Chlorophytes
Ex.
Charophytes
Ex.
C2. Characteriscs:
Supergroup: Unikonta
S. Characteristics:
Clade1
Amoebozans
Clade2
Slime Molds
C1. Characteristics
C2. Characteristics:
Clade3
Plasmodial
Ex.
Cellular
Ex.
Gymnamoebas
Ex.
Entamoebas
Ex.
Opisthokonts
Nucleariids
Ex.
Choanoflagellates
Ex.
C3
Characteristics
Ecology
Abiotic
Biogeographic Realms:
Factors Affecting Distribution
Climate:
Biotic
Solar Radiation and Latitude:
Equinox:
Solstice:
Global Climate Patterns:
Air Circulation:
Wind Patterns:
Local Effects:
Rain Shadow:
Bodies of Water:
Ocean Currents:
Aquatic Biomes
Vertical
Stratification
Photic Zone
Aphotic Zone
Benthic Zone
Fresh Water Biomes
Eutrophic Lakes
Oligotrophic Lakes
Mesotrophic Lakes
Rivers and streams
Wetlands
Estuaries
Marine Water
Biomes
Intertidal Zones
Coral Reefs
Oceanic Pelagic
Benthos
Terrestrial biomes
Biome
Tropical Rain
Forest
Savannahs
Grasslands
Deserts
Description
 Forest of tall trees
 An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to
660 cm.) of rain falls yearly.
 The temperature in a rain forest rarely
gets higher than 93 °F (34 °C) or
drops below 68 °F (20 °C);
 Rolling grassland scattered with shrubs
and isolated trees
 Not enough rain falls on a savanna to
support forests.
 Savannas have warm temperature year
round and two very different seasons
 long dry season (winter) – 4 inches of
rain
 very wet season (summer). In the
summer there is lots of rain.
 Large, rolling terrains of grasses, flowers
and herbs.
 Latitude, soil and local climates for the
most part determine what kinds of
plants grow
 Grasslands are a region where the
average annual precipitation is great
enough to support grasses, and in
some areas a few trees.
 The precipitation is so erratic that
drought and fire prevent large
forests from growing.
 Less than 10 inches of rain a year
 Evaporation exceeds precipitation
l
Hot Deserts
l
Cold Deserts
Plant
Examples
Animal
Examples
Biome
Chaparral
Description
 Very hot and dry.
 Temperature
l The winter is very mild and
is usually about 10 °C.
l The summer. It is so hot and
dry at 40 °C that fires and
droughts are very common.
Coastal Sage
Scrub
Temperate
Deciduous
Forest
Coniferous
Forest
(Taiga)
Tundra
 Found in the eastern half of North
America
 The average annual temperature in a
deciduous forest is 50° F. The
average rainfall is 30 to 60
inches a year
 Needleleaf forest.
 Russian word for forest and is the
largest biome in the world.
 The winters in the taiga are very cold
with only snowfall.
 The summers are warm, rainy, and
humid.
 A lot of coniferous trees grow in the
taiga.
 Also known as the boreal forest.
 Tundra means a barren land.
 The ground is permanently frozen 10
inches to 3 feet (25 to 100 cm) down
so that trees can't grow there.
 Rocky ground can only support low
growing plants like mosses, heaths,
and lichen.
 In the winter it is cold and dark and in
the summer, when the snow and the
top layer of permafrost melt, it is
very soggy
Plant
Examples
Animal
Examples
Nutrient Cycling