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Wind Energy (Week 2) Connor Edmonds, Maura Eveld, John Michels Environmental Impact ● Little to no real environmental impact. ● Impacts of the visual interruption that the large windmills have on the landscape ● Windmills produce a lot of noise that people living near them frequently complain about. ● Windmills also kill a lot of birds and bats that fly into the rotors of the turbine. ● There is the positive impact that Wind energy offsets carbon emissions. Wind Turbine Syndrome ● Is created by “nocebo” where people believe that wind turbines have adverse health effects. ● So people who live near them constantly believe that all of their health problems are caused by the wind turbines. ● People often also just get incredibly annoyed by the existence of the surrounding turbines. Types of Wind Turbines: VAWT Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ● main rotor shaft positioned vertically ● Advantages ○ does not have to be pointed into the wind (good for variable-wind locations) ○ better for building integration applications because it is less steerable ○ generator and gearbox can be placed near the ground -- more accessible for maintenance ● Disadvantages ○ lower rotational speed and higher torque means higher drive train cost ○ lower power coefficient Types of Wind Turbines: VAWT Darrieus Giromill Savonius Twisted Savonius Types of Wind Turbines: HAWT Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ● main rotor shaft and generator at top of tower ● Advantages ○ variable blade pitch allow for optimal angle ○ higher efficiency because blades move perpendicular to the wind ● Disadvantage ○ Stronger tower construction needed to compensate for heavy blades, rotor, and generator Types of Wind Turbines: HAWT Dual-Rotor Coaxial Contra-Rotating Wind Turbines ● One large-diameter rotor and one small-diameter turn in opposite directions ○ relative velocity between the two rotors is doubled, and efficiency increases ○ air flow downstream is not disrupted as much (compared to single rotor), so wind turbines downstream are able to operate just as well ● ● ● 24% increase in efficiency, 20-30% decrease in cost per kWh Wind power density is greater Smaller-diameter rotor can generate electricity at lower wind speeds Unconventional Wind Turbines ● ● ● Massive conventional wind farms cannot be constructed close enough to heavily urban areas in order to power enough energy for the city Attempt to integrate wind energy into urban areas in less intrusive ways Eiffel tower recently installed two camouflaged wind turbines ○ expected to generate 10,000 kWh per year Wind Tree ● Paris recently installed wind trees this year ○ generate 3.1 kW each, but useful when grouped can help out nearby homes and office buildings ○ Can generate electricity at wind speeds as low as 4.4 mph, but can withstand winds up to 129 mph ● ● “Leaves” oriented in such a way that the turbines are noise cancelling $35,000 per tree Sources http://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=191 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine#Types http://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-wind-turbine-looks-tree-coming-paris https://books.google.co.uk/books? id=wU9bgvrl4rQC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=co+axial+dual+rotor+wind+turbine&so urce=bl&ots=HvOfBbX0hK&sig=PNBr1IEwi8bXHp2YiAD4DutXGzc&hl=en&sa=X&ved =0CEUQ6AEwCGoVChMIz_-x1JuuyAIVRM2ACh2PcQnc#v=onepage&q=co%20axial% 20dual%20rotor%20wind%20turbine&f=false http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/eiffel-tower-wind-turbines/