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Download + 2 HCL(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
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Chemical Bonds, Formulas, Naming Compounds, and Chemical Reactions Study Guide KEY Vocabulary Cation: An ion with a positive charge Anion: An ion with a negative charge Covalent Bond: A bond between two non-metals where a pair of electrons are shared. Ionic Bond: A bond between a non-metal and a metal where electrons are lost or gained. Subscript: A number that represents how many atoms of an element are in a compound. Compound: A substance made of the combined atoms of two or more elements. Chemical Formula: States what elements a compound contains and the exact number of atoms of these elements. Oxidation Number: positive or negative number on the periodic table that indicates how many electrons an element has gained, lost or shared when bonding with another element. Polyatomic Atom: A compound with two or more elements. Law of Conservation of Mass: states that matter can never be created or destroyed. The reactants and products must be equal in mass. What are the parts of a Chemical Equation? Coefficient Produces/Yields CaCO3(s) + 2 HCL(aq) Reactants Solid Subscript CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Products Aqueous Liquid Gas What are the steps to name an ionic compound? Metal Part: Say the Entire Element Name Nonmetal Part: Say the Element Name Changing the Ending to: IDE ***NO PREFIXES*** What are the names and oxidation numbers for the following found in polyatomic compounds? NO2 NO3 OH PO4 CO3 SO4 List the steps to name a covalent compound. First Nonmetal Part: Add a Prefix (none if there is only 1 atom {Unless it’s Oxygen}), Say the Entire Element Name Second Nonmetal Part: Add a Prefix, Say the Element Name Changing the Ending to IDE List the prefixes used to identify the number of atoms of an element in a chemical formula when it is covalent (Non-metal – Non-metal). One Six Two Seven Three Eight Four Nine Five Ten Prefixes Number of atoms Prefix 1 mono- (use only for oxygen) 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca- Practice Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds (both Ionic and Covalent): Formula or Formula or Compound Name Type of Bond Compound Name 1. Magnesium Sulfide Ionic 2. K2O Ionic Potassium oxide 3. CO Covalent Carbon monoxide 4. Dinitrogen Monoxide Covalent N2O 5. MnBr2 Ionic Manganese bromide 6. Calcium Hydroxide Ionic Ca(OH)2 7. NaNO3 Ionic Sodium Nitrate 8. MgCl2 Ionic Magnesium chloride MgS Directions: Use a periodic table, complete the table below: Element Total # of Protons Total # of Electrons # of Valence Electrons Oxidation Number (Do not forget the required sign +/-) Cesium 55 55 1 +1 Beryllium 4 4 2 +2 Calcium 20 20 2 +2 Iodine 53 53 7 -1 List and explain the 4 types of Chemical Reactions. 1. Synthesis - A+B AB 2. Decomposition – AB A+B 3. Single Displacement - A + BC AB + C 4. Double Displacement- AB + CD AC + BD Describe evidence that would tell you a chemical reaction has occurred. Color Change Bubbling Foaming Odor How do the following affect the Rate of a Chemical Reaction? Surface Area – the more surface area the higher the rate of the reaction Concentration – the more concentrated the compound, the higher the reaction rate Catalyst – speeds up the reaction Temperature – speed it up or slow it down Inhibitor – slows down the reaction