Download Plant Biology

Bai Jie
Plant Biology
Sichuan Univ. Bai Jie
Chapter One Plant Cell and Tissue
Discovery and Significance of Cells
Cell theory
1
Section 1 Chemical Composition of Cells
element ：C 、H、O、N、P、S、Ca、Cl、
Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo等
inorganic compounds ：Water 、Inorganic Salt
organic compound ：saccharides 、Lipids 、
Proteins 、nucleic acid 、enzyme、vitamin
and so on.
organic compound
1. saccharides
• General formula of saccharides (CH2O)n
• SUGAR CLASSIFICATION :
monosaccharide
oligosaccharide
polysaccharide
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2. Lipids
•function：
Classification of Lipids fat
adipoid
3. Proteins
• function
①constitute organisms and cells
②catalytic reaction
③regulation
④immunifaction
• composition：amino acids
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nucleic acid
4.
•
Classification of nucleic acid
①DNA
②RNA
• component elements ：
ribonucleoti
• character
Section 2
Basic structure of plant cells
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1. Shape and size of plant cell
2. Basic structure of plant cells
cell wall
Plant cell
plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Protoplast
Nucleus
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3. cell wall
•
•
function
chemical composition
polysaccharide，including cellulose，
lignin，keratinocyte ，ceraceous.
•cell wall
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
the middle lamella
primary cell wall
secondary wall
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• plasmodesmus and pit
pit
type
simple pit
bordered pit
4. Protoplast
plasma membrane
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model
•
cytoplasm
cell organ
cytoplasm
cell matrix
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１、organella
（１）Plastid
（２）mitochondria
（３）endocytoplasmic reticulum
（4）apparato reticulare
（5）lysoome
（6）microbody
(7) vacuole
（8）cystoskeleton
（9）Ribosome
• nuclear
Structure
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
karyoplasm
nuclear matrix
ergastic substance
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Section III
plant cell proliferation
1. Cell cycle
The concept of the cell cycle
intermitosis
include
dividing phase
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2. cell division
mitosis
amitosis
meiosis
3. plant cell growth and
differentiation
(one). The growth of plant cells
• Cell growth
• The growth of plant cells
• The development of plant cells
(two). Plant cell differentiation
special of the structure and function
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Section IV
The tissue and tissue system of plant
1. tissues and organs
Tissue
1. Concept
2. Type
simple tissue
complex tissue
Organ
1.Concept
2.Type
Organ of
nutritorium: root stem leaf
Spermatophyte
propagative organ: flower
fruit seeds
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Ⅱ. The type of plant tissue
1. meristem
• Concept The tissue is constituted by cell
mass which have the continuous fissionability.
• Type
By nature and source promeristem
primary meristem
secondary meristem
By location
apical meristem
lateral meristem
intercalary meristem
2. mature tissue (permanent tissue)
• Concept
• Type
It is divided into five types by function
protective tissue
parenchymatous tissue
mechanical tissue
vascular tissue
secretory structure
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fundamental tissue
(parenchymatous tissue)
Location: Exists in the cortex, core, diachyma, petals, fruit,
etc
Source: cleavage and differentiate by primary meristem
Feature: ① cell wall is thin; ②it can transfor into meristem.
Type: assimilating tissue; storage tissue; ventilating tissue;
water-storing tissue; transmission cell.
Function: photosynthesis; respiration; storage; waterstoring; ventilation; conduction and the synthesis of
various kinds of metabolite and transformation.
Development direction: it has the potency of
dedifferentiation.
mechanical tissue
• Collenchyma
• Sclerenchyma
stone cell
by the morphology fiber
It was divided into
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vascular tissue
It is responsible for material transport and
the main supportive tissue in plant.
xylem: water and mineral salt
phloem: organic matter
①Xylem
--- complex tissue that transport water
upward from the root
Exists in vascular tissue
procambium
Source
vascular cambium
Xylem composition
vessel element
tracheid
wood fiber
xylem parenchyma
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②Phloem
---complex tissue that transport organic
matter bidirectional
sieve element
companion cell
Composition
bast fiber
bast parenchyma cell
Secretory tissue
• Concept
Secretory phenomenon
Secretory structure
• Type
External secretory
structure
gland epidermis
glandular hair
hydathode
nectary
Secretory
Structure
secretory cavity
internal Secretory
structure
secretory cavity
laticiferous tube
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The evolution of tissue
Tissue system is that the whole plant or an tissue
on its organs, or a few tissue constitute a unit of
the structure and functions.
fundamental tissue system
Three tissue system
of vascular plant
vascular tissue system
dermal tissue system
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