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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A Biology 20 Ch 4 Practice Test Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 1. The type of environment where a population of organisms normally lives is known as its niche. ____________________ ____ 2. Ecotones are the regions where two adjacent ecosystems overlap. ____________________ ____ 3. Biomes are mostly defined by their specific weather and the plants and animals that are adapted to that weather. ____________________ ____ 4. Permafrost is a layer of soil found in both the grasslands and the taiga in Canada. This layer never thaws in either winter or summer due to the cold temperatures of these two regions. ____________________ ____ 5. In the deciduous forests that make up the ecotones between the taiga and the grasslands the trees lose their leaves in the winter so that the sunlight penetrates to the canopy until the leaves grow in t he spring. ____________________ Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. Farms try to grow large numbers of domesticated crops in an area where native species used to grow. What ecological interaction does a farm demonstrate? A. intraspecific competition B. interspecific competition C. resource partitioning D. predator/prey 2. The theory that two species with similar requirements cannot exist within the same community was proposed by A. Shelford B. Ehrlich C. Suzuki D. Gause 3. Which of the following biomes is most likely to have the least amount of precipitation on an annual basis? A. tundra B. taiga C. grassland D. deciduous forest 4. The greatest BOD (biological oxygen demand) will occur in a water sample when there is A. a high concentration of organic pollution and a low temperature B. a high concentration of organic pollution and a high temperature C. a low concentration of organic pollution and a low temperature D. a low concentration of organic pollution and a high temperature 1 Name: ________________________ ____ ____ ____ ____ ID: A 5. The biome that covers the greatest amount of area in Canada is the A. tundra B. taiga/boreal forest C. grassland D. temperate deciduous forest 6. Which of the following biomes has the least amount of area in Canada existing in its undisturbed or natural state? A. tundra B. taiga/boreal forest C. grasslands D. temperate deciduous forest 7. Which biome has long periods of darkness? A. tundra B. taiga/boreal forest C. grassland D. temperate deciduous forest 8. Which of the following abiotic factors affect only aquatic ecosystems? A. sunlight B. temperature C. water pressure D. chemical environment Numeric Response 1. Factors affecting population growth: 1. spraying with pesticides 2. competition for mates/breeding area 3. disease 4. destruction of habitat 5. increased predation 6. competition for water or food 7. drought 8. food shortage 9. climate change Which of the factors from the list above are density-independent? List your selections from lowest to highest (1-9). _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Completion Complete each statement. 1. In the summer, Canadian lakes stratify into the ___________________, and the ___________________ layers based on the density changes that occur in water due to its the thermal properties. These layers are separated by a region called the ___________________. 2. During the spring and fall the layers of the lakes mix during the ___________________. 2 Name: ________________________ ID: A Matching Match the following terms with their description below. A. tundra B. taiga/boreal forest C. grasslands D. temperate deciduous forest ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. 2. 3. 4. rich layer of undergrowth as well as canopy; black bear, wolves, woodpecker habitat rapid-flowering plants, mosses, lichens; caribou, ptarmigan, lemming habitat fescue grasses with trees along rivers and streams; grasshoppers, bison, wolves, hawks habitat evergreen trees; squirrels, deer, pine martens, seed-eating birds Match each biome with the correct abiotic factors below. A. tundra B. taiga/boreal forest C. grassland D. temperate deciduous forest ____ ____ ____ ____ 5. 6. 7. 8. rich fertile soil with 25 to 75 cm of precipitation per year higher temperature with up to 100 cm of precipitation per year permafrost and very low precipitation each year acidic soil containing some water and 40 or more cm of precipitation per year Short Answer 1. Canadian biomes are often divided into ecozones for study purposes. Explain why this approach is useful. 2. Explain the difference between the terms habitat and niche. 3. Trees with deep root systems are able to withstand stronger winds than those with shallow roots. Explain why trees in the tundra are not able to take advantage of a deep root system? 4. If there is a climate change, most plants and animals can migrate to areas where the conditions more closely match their needs. Explain why the plants and animals of the tundra would not be able to do this if global warming were to continue. 5. Both mosquito and mayfly spend their larval stage as an aquatic insect. Mosquito larvae are tolerant of poor/low oxygen conditions while mayfly larvae are not. Predict what will happen to the size of the populations of mosquito and mayfly in a stream 5 km below a sewage effluent location relative to those populations at a sampling point above the effluent. Justify your prediction. 3 ID: A Biology 20 Ch 4 Practice Test Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F, habitat PTS: 2. ANS: OBJ: 3. ANS: 1 T 4.1 F, climate OBJ: 4.1 PTS: 1 LOC: 20-B1.2k REF: K REF: K OBJ: 4.2 LOC: 20-B1.3k PTS: 1 REF: K 5. ANS: F, understorey OBJ: 4.2 LOC: 20-B1.3k OBJ: 4.2 LOC: 20-B1.3k 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.1 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.3 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 1 REF: K | S OBJ: 4.5 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 1 REF: K | S OBJ: 4.3 OBJ: 4.4 LOC: 20-B1.4k | 20-B1.3s PTS: 1 4. ANS: F, tundra PTS: 1 REF: K LOC: 20-B1.2k REF: K MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: LOC: 2. ANS: LOC: 3. ANS: LOC: 4. ANS: LOC: 5. ANS: LOC: 6. ANS: LOC: 7. ANS: LOC: 8. ANS: LOC: B PTS: 20-B1.1k D PTS: 20-B1.4k A PTS: 20-B1.3k B PTS: 20-B1.4k | 20-B1.3s B PTS: 20-B1.3k C PTS: 20-B1.3k A PTS: 20-B1.3k C PTS: 20-B1.4k | 20-B1.3s NUMERIC RESPONSE 1. ANS: 1, 4, 7, 9 PTS: 1 REF: K | S 1 ID: A COMPLETION 1. ANS: epilimnion, hypolimnion, thermocline PTS: 1 2. ANS: turnover PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.3 LOC: 20-B1.3k REF: K OBJ: 4.3 LOC: 20-B1.3k MATCHING 1. ANS: LOC: 2. ANS: LOC: 3. ANS: LOC: 4. ANS: LOC: D 20-B1.2k A 20-B1.2k C 20-B1.2k B 20-B1.2k PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 5. ANS: LOC: 6. ANS: LOC: 7. ANS: LOC: 8. ANS: LOC: C 20-B1.3k D 20-B1.3k A 20-B1.3k B 20-B1.3k PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 SHORT ANSWER 1. ANS: The biomes are too large and therefore too diverse within themselves to be effectively studied. By looking at sub-regions more specific data can be collected, leading to more effective models and understanding of the areas. PTS: 1 REF: K | S OBJ: 4.2 LOC: 20-B1.2k | 20-B1.1s 2. ANS: A habitat is the geographical region where a specific population of organisms is usually found. A niche is the more comprehensive term that includes the habitat of an organism and its role within that habitat; e.g.,. “polar bears reside in the arctic region” is a description of their habitat while “polar bears are the largest carnivore of the arctic region and subsist mainly on a diet of seals” is a description of a niche. PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.1 2 LOC: 20-B1.1k ID: A 3. ANS: This biome has permafrost and a low annual precipitation. The permafrost would prevent the roots from penetrating the deeper soils. Low seasonal precipitation levels would also favour trees whose roots spread out under the surface allowing the tree to absorb water more easily. PTS: 1 REF: K OBJ: 4.2 | 4.3 LOC: 20-B1.2k | 20-B1.4k 4. ANS: The plants and animals of the tundra are already as far north as they can go. Global warming will make migration for them to a farther north impossible. No sustainable habitat will be available for them as the polar region is predominantly ice which under global warming models is likely to break up. As the northern ice melts it does not reveal more land so plants can’t migrate, animals will also be unable to move as their food sources will not be accessible. PTS: 1 REF: K | S | STS OBJ: 4.2 | 4.5 LOC: 20-B1.4k | 20-B1.3s | 20-B1.1sts 5. ANS: Mosquito population will increase relative to its upstream population. Mayfly population will decrease relative to its upstream population. The mayfly population will decrease as they are not tolerant of low oxygen conditions. Low oxygen conditions will exist because of the organic pollution added by the sewage effluent. The mosquito population will increase to fill the niche created by the loss of the mayfly populations. PTS: 1 REF: K | S OBJ: 4.5 3 LOC: 20-B1.4k | 20-B1.1s