Download STUDY GUIDE: PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELL

Biology 240
Clark College
Kibota 1
STUDY GUIDE:
PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELL ANATOMY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Compare and contrast the typical size ranges of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What are typical shapes of bacterial cells? (Know both singular and plural forms. ) What are names of
typical cell arrangements.
What cellular structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the bacterial cell wall?
What is peptidoglycan?
Describe the structure of the Gram-positive cell wall.
Describe the structure of the Gram-negative cell wall.
What are the two important characteristics of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
What is a Gram stain?
Describe the steps in the process of making a Gram stain.
If a Gram stain is made properly, what color is a Gram-positive bacterium? Gram-negative bacterium?
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. What is the Fluid-Mosaic model?
What are Simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis?
Which organisms (prokaryotes and/or eukaryotes) perform these processes?
What is the cytoplasm? Are there differences between the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic cytoplasm?
What is the bacterial nucleiod? Describe the bacterial chromosome and plasmids.
What are ribosomes? How do prokaryotic ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes differ from one another?
What are functions of the bacterial glycocalyx (capsule or slime layer)?
What is the function of the bacterial endospore?
How do eukaryotic cell walls differ from bacterial cell walls?
What is the structure and function of the eukaryotic nucleus?
What are the structures and functions of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula?
What do free ribosomes do? What do the ribosomes of the rough ER do?
What is the structure and function of the Golgi Complex?
What are lysosomes? How do they perform their function?
What are peroxisomes?
What is the structure and function of mitochondria?
What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory? Do all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria and/or chloroplasts?
* In the Prokaryotic Cell Structure reading from Paustian’s Microbiology Textbook, you may lightly skim the
sections on nucleic acids and proteins. We will cover these topics later in the term.