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Sengupta, M. and Dalwani, R. (Editors). 2008 Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12th World Lake Conference: 462-463 Phytoplanktonic Diversity Index with Referernce to Mucalinda Sarovar, Bodh-Gaya M. Shamsul Islam P.G. Dept. of Botany, Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya, India ABSTRACT Concept of diversity indices indicates the pollution stress. The species richness of a community which relates the number of species has been regarded as an important index of diversity. Biological diversity has been focussed as an important ecological event, as it reflects the extent of life processes. The application of phytoplanktonic diversity index to the biological monitoring of water quality is based on the premise that communities under stress undergo a reduction in diversity. Pollution being a form of ecological stress will therefore, result in reduction in diversity of planktonic communities to an extent depending upon the degree of stress. In Mucalinda Sarovar, Bodh-Gaya Shannon & Weaver's diversity index have been calculated for Chlorophycean, Bacillariophycean, Cyanophycean and Euglenophycean groups. Species diversity index is a statistical abstraction with two components reflecting the number of species (richness) and the distribution of individuals of all species (equitability) at a particular site of aquatic ecosystem. In the present investigation the values lie between 01 and 03, which reflect a mildly pollution status of the pond in question. INTRODUCTION Phytoplankton, which are the microscopic free floating autotrophs - are by far the best studied of all biotic groupings in inland waters and oceans. The community structure and productivity of phytoplankton assemblages in relation to environmental factors and biological interaction have also received great deal of attention. The pioneer limnologists Kolkwitz and Marsson (19081909) described that some species tend to occur under a certain kind of pollution and their presence is indicative of water quality. A number of indices including Shannon and Weavers (1949) species diversity index have been used to assess the pollution status of aquatic bodies. Margalef (1958) recommended the use of information theory by Shanon & Weaver (1949) for studying the structure of algal community. This was further elaborated by Pielou (1977) and Sugihara (1980); Bilgrami (1988, 89), Islam & Kumar (2003) documented importance of diversity indices in modern experimental limnology. MATERIAL & METHODS All the phytoplanktonic samples were collected at monthly intervals during the year 2006 from Mucalinda Sarovar, Bodh-Gaya. Shannon and Weaver's diversity index is an expression of correlation with pollution status of the ecosystem (Wilhm and Dorris, 1966; Washington, 1984) which is based on Shannon's information theory (Shannon and Weaver, 1949). It has been calculated by using the following formula: 3 d'= (ni/N) Σi=1 log2 (ni/N) Where, d' = Shannon's index s = Number of species in the sample,. ni = Number of individuals of each species. N = Total number of individuals in the sample (N= ni) Log2 = 1.443 In N. 1.443 = Amplification factor, Hutchinson (1967) RESULT & DISCUSSION Phytoplankton, the dominant aquatic life forms which comprise of green algae, blue green algae, diatoms and euglenoids were observed as the basis on which the limnetic life depends (Table 1.) The lowest value of Shannon's diversity index was 2.86 in June and higher values were expressed in January as 3.46. The annual average was 3.32 for Chlorophycean members. In Cyanophycean members lowest was in July as 2.68 and highest in October as 3.3 with an annual average of 3.10. In Bacillariophyceae lowest was in June, July and August as 2.68 and highest value was 3.22 in November & Dec. with an annual average of 2.96. In Euglenophyceae lowest was 2.00 in August and highest figured as 2.86 in December with an annual average of 2.57. The result of Euglenophycean member shows variations and prove to be insignificant. Species diversity is statistical abstraction with two components reflecting the number of species (richness) and the distribution of individuals of all species (equitability) at a particular site. Communities with a similar richness may differ in diversity, depending on the distribution of individuals among the species. Table 1: Shannon & Weaver's Phytoplanktonic Diversity Index operating in Mucalinda Sarovar during 2006 Chlorophyceae H' 3.48 3.48 3.42 3.29 3.21 2.86 3.21 3.43 3.54 3.29 3.20 3.43 3.32 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Average Cyanophyceae H' 3.29 3.11 3.11 3.01 3.00 2.68 2.86 3.11 3.29 3.30 3.21 3.29 3.10 Wilhm and Dorris (1966) have suggested a relationship between species diversity and pollution status of aquatic ecosystems and classified as follows: >3 1-3 <1 = clean water = moderately polluted = heavily polluted. Staub et. al. (1970) proposed a different scale of pollution in terms of species diversity index, which is a modified one and states a negative correlation between Shannon's index and pollution. 3.0 - 4.5 = Slight 2.0 - 3.0 = Light 1.0 - 2.0 = Moderate 0.0 - 1.0 = Heavy Thus, experimental limnological expressions of diversity index can be compared with both the lines of Wilhm and Dorris (1966) and Staub et. al. (1970). It can be well stated that Mucalinda Sarovar, Bodh Gaya is moderately to heavily polluted. Thus, the pollution state of the pond can be stated without calculating the losses at the consumer level as well as decomposer level in biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystem. OBSERVATION Bacillariophyceae H' 3.08 3.10 3.08 2.86 2.86 2.68 2.68 2.68 3.00 3.08 3.22 3.22 2.96 Euglienophyceae H' 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.68 2.43 2.43 2.00 2.43 2.68 2.68 2.86 2.57 Hutchinson, G.E. (1967). Introduction to lake biology and the limnoplankton. A treatise on Limnology, Vol. 2 John Wiley and Sons. Inc. N.Y. 1115. Islam, M.S. & Kumar, R. (2003) - Diversity Index and Pollution Status of An Aquatic Ecosystem, Environmental Pollution Problems and Management, Jaspal Prakashan, Patna, 207-209 (2003). Kolkwitz, R. and Marsson, M. (1908) Okologie der pflanzklichen Saprobein. Ber. Dtisch. Bot. Ges., 26 : 505-519. Margalef, R. (1958) Information theory in Ecology. Den. System, 3 : 36-71. Pielou, E.C. (1977) Mathematical Ecology. New York. John Wiley and Sons :385. Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W. (1949). Mathematical theory of communication, (Urbana III : Univ. of Illinois Press), 117. Staub, R., Appling, J.W. Hofsteiler, A.M. and Hess, I.J. (1970). The effect of industrial waster of Memphis and Shelby country on primary plankton producers; Bioscience, 20 : 905-912. Sugihara, G. (1980). Minimal community structure. An explanation of species abundance patterns. Amer. Nat., 116 : 770-787. Washington, H.C. (1984). Diversity, Biotica and Similarity indices.Water Res., 18 (6) : 653-694. Wilhm, J.L. and Dorris, T.C. (1966). Species diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in a stream receiving domestic and oil refinery effluents. Amn. Midl. Nat. 76: 427-449. REFERENCES Bilgrami, K.S. (1988). Biological monitoring of rivers, problems and prospects in India; Manual of Aquatic Ecotoxicology. Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 37 : 245-250. Bilgrami, K.S. (1988). Biological monitoring of rivers, problems and prospects. J.I.B.S. 68 :1-9. 463